Brain plasticity and modern rehabilitation technologies

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Abstract

Discussed are basic achievements in the studies of neuronal plasticity with the use of modern neuroimaging methods and, first of all, functional MRI. The role of various afferent inputs in these processes is emphasized. Novel neurorehabilitation technologies such as constraintinduced therapy (CI therapy), “LOCOMAT” system, the robotic therapy etc., are considered as the source of intensive goaldirected afferentation. Data concerning the possibility of the use of neuromuscular electrostimulation at the first hours after ischemic stroke are presented. The unique methods of intrapharyngeal electrostimulation in the treatment of dysphagia of different etiologies are discussed. Efficiency of transcranial electrostimulation in central poststroke pain syndrome is described. Data on possibilities of the EMG feedback in training of the precision grip, one of the basic motor hand skills, are presented. The details of learning of different postural tasks using postural sway feedback in patients with poststroke hemiparesis, Parkinson’s disease and spinocerebellar ataxias are discussed. Data on efficiency of alphastimulating training in patients with central poststroke pain syndrome and with clinical prevalence of affective disturbances are presented. Finally, prospects of one of the most interesting novel rehabilitation technologies, the technology based on virtual reality, are discussed.

About the authors

Lyudmila A. Chernikova

Reseach Center of Neurology

Author for correspondence.
Email: luda_cher44@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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