Annals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyAnnals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology2075-54732409-2533Research Center of Neurology87710.54101/ACEN.2023.1.5Research ArticleSalivary gland immunohistochemistry vs substantia nigra sonography: comparative analysis of diagnostic significanceKhachevaKristina K.<p>Neurologist, Research Assistant, Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Research Center of Neurology</p>christina.khacheva@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9441-4797KarabanovAlexey V.<p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Neurologist, Research Center of Neurology</p>doctor.karabanov@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2174-2412BogdanovRinat R.<p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of neurology, M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</p>moniki-nevrol@mail.ruVoronkovDmitry N.<p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Research Center of Neurology</p>voronkovdm@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5222-5322SobolevValery B.<p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Research Center of Neurology</p>sobolevalera@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7704-1092ChechetkinAndrey O.<p>D. Sci. (Med.), Head, Laboratory of Ultrasound Studies, Research Center of Neurology</p>andreychechetkin@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8726-8928DanilovaAnastasiya D.<p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Maxillo-Facial Surgeon, M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</p>moniki-nevrol@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4217-6736SipkinAlexander M.<p>D. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Head, Maxillo-Facial Surgery Department, M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</p>moniki-nevrol@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8287-741XIllarioshkinSergey N.<p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., RAS Full Member, Director, Brain Institute, Deputy Director for Science, Research Center of Neurology</p>snillario@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-6282Research Center of NeurologyM.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute2903202317136420908202222092022Copyright © 2023, Khacheva K.K., Karabanov A.V., Bogdanov R.R., Voronkov D.N., Sobolev V.B., Chechetkin A.O., Danilova A.D., Sipkin A.M., Illarioshkin S.N.2023<p><strong><em>Introduction.</em></strong> Parkinson's disease (PD) urges for new instrumental methods of diagnosis. Transcranial sonography of the substantia nigra (SN TCS) is an established method for early PD diagnosis but its application is limited. Recently, biopsies (primarily that of salivary gland) and test for abnormal α-synuclein are suggested to verify PD.</p>
<p><strong><em>Materials and methods.</em></strong> We assessed 12 individuals with PD, Hoehn–Yahr 2.3 ± 0.4. The assessments included: UPDRS, NMSQ, NMSS, RBDSQ, PDQ-8, MoCA, and HADS scoring; SN TCS; and sublingual gland immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated α-synuclein (PS-129) with automated morphometric analysis.</p>
<p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong> Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity was shown in 75% of patients whereas biopsy revealed PS-129 in 100% of patients. Echogenic area of the substantia nigra was 0.24 [0.21; 0.3] cm<sup>2</sup>. PS-129 inclusion area varied from 28.47 [27.55; 96.26] to 238.77 [234.13; 272.49] μm<sup>2</sup>, and PS-129 proportion varied from 13.4% to 93.4% of the nervous fiber area across the patients. We found relations between PS-129 and NMSQ (r = 0.8; p 0.001), NMSS (r = 0.9; p 0.001), PDQ-8 (r = 0.7; p = 0.003), UPDRS-I (r = 0.7; p = 0.009), UPDRS-II (r = 0.6; p = 0.03), and HADS (anxiety r = 0.8; p = 0.002; depression r = 0.6; p = 0.04) scores.</p>
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