Структурная и функциональная нейровизуализация при боковом амиотрофическом склерозе

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Резюме. Боковой амиотрофический склероз (БАС) – фатальное прогрессирующее заболевание центральной нервной системы с поражением верхнего и нижнего мотонейронов. Изучение особенностей течения и распространения нейродегенеративного процесса при БАС имеют большое значение, поскольку до настоящего времени эффективные методы лечения заболевания не разработаны. В клинической практике отсутствуют объективные биомаркеры поражения верхнего мотонейрона и экстрамоторных регионов головного мозга, несмотря на очевидные доказательства мультисистемности поражения головного мозга при БАС. В последние годы большую роль в изучении БАС играют методы структурной и функциональной нейровизуализации, такие как МР-морфометрия, диффузионно-тензорная МРТ, МР-спектроскопия, фунциональная МРТ, позитронно-эмиссионная томография (ПЭТ) и другие. В обзоре анализируются результаты нейровизуализационных исследований в контексте их применения для диагностики, прогнозирования и мониторирования течения БАС. Для диагностики заболевания наиболее чувствительными и специфичными являются диффузионно-тензорная МРТ, МР-спектроскопия, ПЭТ, комбинация нескольких методов нейровизуализации и их сочетание с транскраниальной магнитной стимуляцией. Диффузионно-тензорная МРТ и МР-спектроскопия могут использоваться для мониторинга и прогнозирования течения заболевания. Обсуждаются основные ограничения и недостатки проведённых исследований, а также возможные перспективы применения нейровизуализации при БАС.

Об авторах

Илья Сергеевич Бакулин

ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: bakulin@neurology.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0716-3737

к.м.н., н.с. отд. нейрореабилитации и физиотерапии

Россия, Москва

Александр В. Червяков

ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»

Email: bakulin@neurology.ru
Россия, Москва

Елена Игоревна Кремнева

ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»

Email: bakulin@neurology.ru
Россия, Москва

Родион Николаевич Коновалов

ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»

Email: bakulin@neurology.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5539-245X

к.м.н., с.н.с. отд. лучевой диагностики

Россия, 125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, д. 80

Мария Николаевна Захарова

ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»

Email: bakulin@neurology.ru
Россия, Москва

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© Bakulin I.S., Chervyakov A.V., Kremneva E.I., Konovalov R.N., Zakharova M.N., 2017

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СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
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