МРТ в оценке прогрессирования церебральной микроангиопатии
- Авторы: Гнедовская Е.В.1, Добрынина Л.А.1, Кротенкова М.В.1, Сергеева А.Н.1
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Учреждения:
- ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»
- Выпуск: Том 12, № 1 (2018)
- Страницы: 61-68
- Раздел: Обзоры
- Дата подачи: 28.03.2018
- Дата публикации: 28.03.2018
- URL: https://annaly-nevrologii.com/journal/pathID/article/view/515
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.25692/ACEN.2018.1.9
- ID: 515
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Аннотация
Резюме
Церебральная микроангиопатия (ЦМА) (cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD)) признана ведущей причиной сосудистых когнитивных нарушений и деменции, кровоизлияний и лакунарных инсультов, наиболее распространенной формой асимптомного сосудистого поражения головного мозга. Ее основными формами являются связанный с возрастом и артериальной гипертензией артериолосклероз и церебральная амилоидная ангиопатия. Для большого числа ЦМА (cSVD), как причины, так и механизмы развития и прогрессирования не известны. Значительные сложности в изучении патологии обусловлены техническими ограничениями в прижизненной оценке сосудов данного калибра. Уточнение МРТ эквивалентов морфологических проявлений ЦМА (cSVD) и использование их в качестве суррогатного маркера повреждения мелких сосудов, позволило установить закономерности прогрессирования заболевания и их связь с клиническими проявлениями. В настоящем обзоре приводятся результаты исследований, показавших клиническую значимость и роль в оценке прогрессирования заболевания, ведущих МРТ признаков ЦМА (cSVD) - гиперинтенсивности белого вещества (ГИБВ) (ранее применявшийся термин - лейкоареоз), лакун, расширенных периваскулярных пространств и микрокровоизлияний. Признание МРТ признаков в качестве диагностических для ЦМА (cSVD) было закреплено международными экспертами в виде критериев STRIVE (STandards for ReportIng Vascular changes on nEuroimaging). Несмотря на огромную важность данной стандартизации в улучшении представлений о значимости различных факторов в ее развитии и понимании гетерогенности ее форм, данная категоризация признаков не может обеспечить прогнозирование течения заболевания у конкретного больного, как и оценивать эффективность лечения в коротко- и среднесрочной перспективе. Одним из подходов к решению проблемы стало использование диффузионных методик в оценке микроструктурного поражения визуально неизмененного вещества головного мозга. Полученная устойчивая связь в выраженности микроструктурных и клинических нарушений обосновывает целесообразность мультимодальных МРТ исследований, направленных на оценку патофизиологических механизмов прогрессирования заболевания, начиная с этапа субклинического поражения головного мозга.
Об авторах
Елена Владимировна Гнедовская
ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»
Email: lavrentevan@mail.ru
Россия, Москва
Лариса Анатольевна Добрынина
ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»
Email: lavrentevan@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9929-2725
д.м.н., г.н.с., рук. 3-го неврологического отделения
Россия, МоскваМарина Викторовна Кротенкова
ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»
Email: lavrentevan@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3820-4554
д.м.н., рук. отд. лучевой диагностики
Россия, 125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, д. 80Анастасия Н. Сергеева
ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: lavrentevan@mail.ru
Россия, Москва
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