Методы диагностики и коррекции респираторных нарушений при боковом амиотрофическом склерозе

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Аннотация

Боковой амиотрофический склероз (БАС) – быстро прогрессирующее заболевание, сопровождающееся неуклонным нарастанием слабости мышц конечностей и дыхательной мускулатуры. Этиология заболевания до конца не ясна, однако в последние годы удалось значительно продвинуться в понимании патогенеза и патофизиологии БАС. Разработаны препараты, снижающие скорость прогрессии БАС. Несмотря на это прогноз остается крайне неблагоприятный, а средняя продолжительность жизни пациентов с БАС составляет не более 5 лет. Наиболее частыми причинами гибели больных являются дыхательная недостаточность и респираторные осложнения. В статье рассмотрены патофизиология дыхательных нарушений при БАС и методы оценки функции дыхания. Основным методом респираторной поддержки больных БАС, который позволяет увеличивать среднюю продолжительность жизни и улучшать качество жизни пациентов, является неинвазивная вентиляция легких. Залогом для успешного ведения пациентов с БАС, имеющих респираторные проблемы, является мультидисциплинарный подход с привлечением врачей разных специальностей – неврологов, пульмонологов, реаниматологов.

Об авторах

Алексей Владимирович Васильев

ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: dr-ves@yandex.ru
Россия, Москва

Дарья Дмитриевна Елисеева

ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»

Email: dr-ves@yandex.ru
Россия, Москва

Мария Васильевна Иванова

ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»

Email: dr-ves@yandex.ru
Россия, Москва

Иван Александрович Кочергин

ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»

Email: dr-ves@yandex.ru
Россия, Москва

Инесса Владимировна Закройщикова

ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»

Email: dr-ves@yandex.ru
Россия, Москва

Лев Вадимович Брылев

ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница им. В.М. Буянова»

Email: dr-ves@yandex.ru
Россия, Москва

Василий Андреевич Штабницкий

ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова»

Email: dr-ves@yandex.ru
Россия, Москва

Мария Николаевна Захарова

ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»

Email: dr-ves@yandex.ru
Россия, Москва

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