Реабилитация пожилых пациентов с риском падения: значение психофизиологических показателей и когнитивно-моторных тренировок с применением виртуальной реальности
- Авторы: Клочков А.С.1, Хижникова А.Е.1, Фукс А.А.2, Котов-Смоленский А.М.1, Супонева Н.А.1, Пирадов М.А.1
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Учреждения:
- ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»
- ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»
- Выпуск: Том 14, № 4 (2020)
- Страницы: 66-74
- Раздел: Обзоры
- Дата подачи: 26.12.2020
- Дата публикации: 26.12.2020
- URL: https://annaly-nevrologii.com/journal/pathID/article/view/702
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.25692/ACEN.2020.4.9
- ID: 702
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Полный текст
Аннотация
Вследствие замедления нейродинамических и когнитивных процессов, а также изменений опорно-двигательного аппарата в процессе старения происходит ухудшение внимания, реакции и нарушается координация движений. Уменьшение общей адаптивности головного мозга в пожилом и старческом возрасте ведет к увеличению риска падений и инвалидизации, снижая возраст активного долголетия. По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, ежегодно происходит 37,3 млн падений, которые не являются смертельными, но имеют достаточно тяжелые последствия, при которых требуется медицинская помощь. Такие падения наиболее распространены среди людей в возрасте старше 65 лет. Объективная оценка психофизиологических характеристик позволила выявить связь времени простой и сложной реакций с риском падений, а также послужила инструментом оценки эффективности методик коррекции равновесия. Исследования показали, что когнитивно-моторная тренировка улучшает постуральную устойчивость и функциональные показатели повседневной жизни. Данный вид тренировки получил широкое распространение в реабилитации пациентов с нарушениями равновесия и все чаще для его реализации применяют системы виртуальной реальности. Существует предположение, что виртуальная среда может способствовать улучшению реакции на быструю смену обстановки, а также модулировать различные характеристики внимания, пространственно-временной памяти и планирования, что благоприятно сказывается на постуральных функциях. В обзоре описаны особенности изменения психофизиологических параметров у пожилых людей, а также методы коррекции нарушений равновесия с помощью когнитивно-моторных тренировок, в том числе с применением технологии виртуальной реальности.
Ключевые слова
Об авторах
Антон Сергеевич Клочков
ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»
Email: nastushkapal@gmail.com
Россия, Москва
Анастасия Евгеньевна Хижникова
ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: nastushkapal@gmail.com
Россия, Москва
Анна Антоновна Фукс
ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»
Email: nastushkapal@gmail.com
Россия, Москва
Артем Михайлович Котов-Смоленский
ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»
Email: nastushkapal@gmail.com
Россия, Москва
Наталья Александровна Супонева
ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»
Email: nastushkapal@gmail.com
Россия, Москва
Михаил Александрович Пирадов
ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»
Email: nastushkapal@gmail.com
Россия, Москва
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