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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1000</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54101/ACEN.2024.1.11</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical analysis</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинический разбор</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Case Reports</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хроническая воспалительная демиелинизирующая полинейропатия на фоне применения ингибиторов контрольных точек: клинические наблюдения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1796-0193</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhonova</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихонова</surname><given-names>Ольга Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>neurologist, functional diagnostics doctor, postgraduate student, assistant Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог, ассистент каф. психиатрии и нейронаук</p></bio><email>offelia78@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-0867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Druzhinin</surname><given-names>Dmitry S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дружинин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), assistant, Department of nervous diseases with medical genetics and neurosurgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., ассистент каф. нервных болезней с медицинской генетикой и нейрохирургией</p></bio><email>offelia78@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-992X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Druzhinina</surname><given-names>Evgenia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дружинина</surname><given-names>Евгения Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of neurology neurosurgery and medical genetics department named after academician L.O. Badalian, Faculty of pediatrics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент каф. неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики им. акад. Л.О. Бадаляна педиатрического факультета</p></bio><email>offelia78@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5610-1839</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rukosueva</surname><given-names>Maria А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рукосуева</surname><given-names>Мария Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>clinical postgraduate student, Department of psychiatry and neurosciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клинический ординатор, каф. психиатрии и нейронаук</p></bio><email>offelia78@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Балтийский федеральный университет имени Иммануила Канта</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ярославский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-04-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>98</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-06"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-13"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Tikhonova O.A., Druzhinin D.S., Druzhinina E.S., Rukosueva M.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Тихонова О.А., Дружинин Д.С., Дружинина Е.С., Рукосуева М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tikhonova O.A., Druzhinin D.S., Druzhinina E.S., Rukosueva M.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тихонова О.А., Дружинин Д.С., Дружинина Е.С., Рукосуева М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1000">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1000</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Neurological immune-related adverse events (irAE) are rare but potentially fatal complications associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Recently, there has been a trend towards an increase in the incidence of these cases.</p> <p>We present two case reports of demyelinating polyneuropathy in patients with skin melanoma treated with pembrolizumab or nivolumab. Unawareness of neurological irAE induced by ICI leads to delayed diagnosis and medical treatment, and this may result in persistent neurological deficit or even patients’ death. Neurological irAEs include myasthenia gravis, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy, myositis or their combinations, etc. Considering their variability in patients treated with ICI and poor representation in publications, each case report can be of practical value.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Неврологические нежелательные явления (ННЯ), связанные с применением ингибиторов контрольных точек (ИКТ), являются редкими, но потенциально фатальными осложнениями. За последние годы отмечается тенденция к росту регистрации данных случаев.</p> <p>Мы приводим два клинических случая демиелинизирующей полинейропатии у пациентов с меланомой кожи на фоне лечения пембролизумабом и ниволумабом. Отсутствие осведомлённости о ННЯ при применении ИКТ ведёт к задержке постановки правильного диагноза, вследствие этого — к отсроченному назначению лекарственной терапии и развитию стойкого неврологического дефицита, вплоть до летального исхода. Среди ННЯ выделяют миастению, асептический менингит, энцефалит, миелит, воспалительную демиелинизирующую нейропатию, миозит или их сочетания и др. С учётом их вариабельности при использовании ИКТ и малой представленности в мировой литературе описание каждого клинического случая при применении данных лекарственных средств имеет практическую ценность.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>monoclonal antibodies</kwd><kwd>immune checkpoint inhibitors</kwd><kwd>pembrolizumab</kwd><kwd>nivolumab</kwd><kwd>neurological complications</kwd><kwd>dysimmune polyneuropathy</kwd><kwd>chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>моноклональные антитела</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы контрольных точек</kwd><kwd>пембролизумаб</kwd><kwd>ниволумаб</kwd><kwd>неврологические осложнения</kwd><kwd>дизимунная полинейропатия</kwd><kwd>хроническая воспалительная демиелинизирующая полинейропатия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Robert C. A decade of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy. Nat. 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