<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1001</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ACEN.1001</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Spectrum of Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease — a Review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Немоторные симптомы болезни Паркинсона: обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1248-1808</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rizvi</surname><given-names>Syed Zohair Husain</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ривзи</surname><given-names>Сайед  З.Х.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>syed.rizvi@learner.manipal.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-1992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Palimar</surname><given-names>Vikram</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Палимар</surname><given-names>Викрам</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head, Department of forensic medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой судебной медицины</p></bio><email>vpalimar@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9232-0946</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gupta</surname><given-names>Chandni</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гупта</surname><given-names>Чандни</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Additional professor, Department of anatomy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, адъюнкт–профессор, кафедра анатомии</p></bio><email>chandnipalimar@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1690-8593</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andrade</surname><given-names>Lydia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андраде</surname><given-names>Лидия С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of anatomy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD (Мед.), адъюнкт-профессор, кафедра анатомии</p></bio><email>lydia.quadros@manipal.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский колледж Кастурба, Академия высшего образования Манипала</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-09-05"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Rizvi S.Z., Palimar V., Gupta C., Andrade L.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Ривзи С.З., Палимар В., Гупта Ч., Андраде Л.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rizvi S.Z., Palimar V., Gupta C., Andrade L.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ривзи С.З., Палимар В., Гупта Ч., Андраде Л.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1001">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1001</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their management have been evaluated in numerous studies. Four classical symptoms, including bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural abnormalities, are used to establish a clinical diagnosis of PD. However, this research is aimed at exploring the range of non-motor symptoms with an emphasis upon their ability to affect the patients with PD and their quality of life.</p> <p>With a slow onset of the known symptoms like tremor or rhythmic shaking of limbs called “pill-rolling tremor”, slowed movement (bradykinesia), muscle rigidity, stooped and altered posture, loss of the ability to blink or smile, and various speech and writing changes; the disease takes a leap into the non-motor symptoms like dementia, drooling, swallowing issues, difficulty urinating, and constipation. The dopaminergic pathophysiology of PD explains the anxiety, slowness of thought, fatigue, and dysphoria. Knowing the non-motor symptoms is crucial to help the clinician to make early diagnosis and to better understand the prognosis of the spectrum of this disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Моторным и немоторным симптомам болезни Паркинсона (БП) и их лечению посвящён целый ряд исследований. Клинический диагноз «болезнь Паркинсона» устанавливается по наличию четырёх классических симптомов: брадикинезии, тремора, ригидности мышц и постуральных нарушений. Цель настоящего исследования состоит в изучении спектра немоторных симптомов и их влияния на качество жизни пациентов с БП.</p> <p>В то время как такие симптомы болезни, как тремор по типу «скатывания пилюль», замедленность движений (брадикинезия), ригидность мышц, сутулость и постуральные нарушения, нарушение способности моргать или улыбаться, а также различные изменения речи и письма, развиваются медленно, на более ранних стадиях БП возникают немоторные симптомы: деменция, слюнотечение, нарушения глотания, затруднённое мочеиспускание и запор. Патофизиологические процессы, связанные с дофаминергической системой, обусловливают возникновение тревоги, замедление мышления, утомляемость и дисфорию у пациентов с БП. Знание немоторных симптомов необходимо для постановки диагноза на ранней стадии и улучшения прогноза для нарушений этого спектра.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Parkinson’s disease</kwd><kwd>non-motor symptoms</kwd><kwd>dementia</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>sleep disorders</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Паркинсона</kwd><kwd>немоторные симптомы</kwd><kwd>деменция</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>нарушения сна</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>DeMaagd G., Philip A. Parkinson’s disease and its management. Part 1: Disease entity, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis. P. T. 2015;40(8):504–532.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Scott B., Borgman A., Engler H. et al. Gender differences in Parkinson's disease symptom profile. Acta Neurol. Scand. 2000;102:37–43. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0404.2000.102001037.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Agüera-Ortiz L., García-Ramos R., Grandas Pérez F.J. et al. Focus on depression in Parkinson's disease: a Delphi Consensus of experts in psychiatry, neurology, and geriatrics. Parkinsons Dis. 2021;2021:6621991. DOI: 10.1155/2021/6621991</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Váradi C. Clinical features of Parkinson’s disease: the evolution of critical symptoms. Biology (Basel). 2020;9(5):103. DOI: 10.3390/biology9050103</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Sveinbjornsdottir S. The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. J. Neurochem. 2016;139(Suppl 1):318–324. DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13691</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Reijnders J.S.A.M., Ehrt U., Weber W.E.J. et al. A systematic review of prevalence studies of depression in Parkinson’s disease: the prevalence of depression in PD. Mov. Disord. 2008;23:183–189. DOI: 10.1002/mds.21803</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Schapira A.H.V., Chaudhuri K.R., Jenner P. Non-motor features of Parkinson disease. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2017;18(7):435–450. DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.62</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Rutten S., van der Ven P.M., Weintraub D. et al. Predictors of anxiety in early-stage of Parkinson’s disease — results from the first two years of a prospective cohort study. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 2017;43:49–55. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.06.024</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Upneja A., Paul B.S., Jain D., Choudhary R., Paul G. Anxiety in Parkinson’s disease: correlation with depression and quality of life. J. Neurosci. Rural. Pract. 2021;12(2):323–328. DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1722840</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Galtier I., Nieto A., Lorenzo J.N., Barroso J. Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and progression to dementia. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 2016;38(1):40–50. DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2015.1087465</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Aarsland D., Kurz M.W. The epidemiology of dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. Brain Pathol. 2010;20(3):633–639. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2009.00369.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Goldman J.G., Sieg E. Cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson disease. Clin. Geriatr. Med. 2020;36(2):365–377. DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2020.01.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Weil R.S., Reeves S. Hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease: new insights into mechanisms and treatments. Adv. Clin. Neurosci. Rehabil. 2020;19(4):ONNS5189. DOI: 10.47795/ONNS5189</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Fenelon G., Mahieux F., Huon R., Ziegler M. Hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease: prevalence, phenomenology, and risk factors. Brain. 2000;123(Pt 4):733–745. DOI: 10.1093/brain/123.4.733</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Barnes J., David A.S. Visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: a review and phenomenological survey. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2001;70(6):727–733. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.70.6.727</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Samudra N., Patel N., Womack K.B., Khemani P., Chitnis S. Psychosis in Parkinson's disease: a review of etiology, phenomenology, and management. Drugs Aging. 2016;33(12):855–863. DOI: 10.1007/s40266-016-0416-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Hey G., Nair N., Klann E. et al. Therapies for Parkinson’s disease and the gut microbiome: evidence for bidirectional connection. Front. Aging Neurosci. 202315:1151850. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1151850</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Pfeiffer R.F. Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Curr. Treat. Options Neurol. 2018;20(12):54. DOI: 10.1007/s11940-018-0539-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Knudsen K., Krogh K., Ostergaard K., Borghammer P. Constipation in Parkinson’s disease: subjective symptoms, objective markers, and new perspectives. Mov. Disord. 2017;32(1):94–105. DOI: 10.1002/mds.26866</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Chiang H.L., Lin C.H. Altered gut microbiome and intestinal pathology in Parkinson’s disease. J. Mov. Disord. 2019;12(2):67–83. DOI:10.14802/jmd.18067</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Srivanitchapoom P., Pandey S., Hallett M. Drooling in Parkinson’s disease: a review. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 2014; 20(11):1109–1118. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.08.013</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Kalf J.G., Munneke M., van den Engel-Hoek L. et al. Pathophysiology of diurnal drooling in Parkinson’s disease. Mov. Disord. 2011;26(9):1670–1676. DOI: 10.1002/mds.23720</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Khoshbin K., Hassan A., Camilleri M. Cohort study in Parkinsonism: delayed transit, accelerated gastric emptying, and prodromal dysmotility. Neurol. Clin. Pract. 2021;11(4):e407–e413. DOI: 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000001003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Suttrup I., Warnecke T. Dysphagia in Parkinson's disease. Dysphagia. 2016;31(1):24–32. DOI: 10.1007/s00455-015-9671-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Chen T., Edwards T.S., Hinson V.K., Soler Z.M. Prevalence of rhinorrhea in Parkinson disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol. Clin. Pract. 2022;12(4):e75–e81. DOI: 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000001180</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Xiao Q., Chen S., Le W. Hyposmia: a possible biomarker of Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci. Bull. 2014;30(1):134–140. DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1390-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Poletti M., Perugi G., Logi C. et al. Dopamine agonists and delusional jealousy in Parkinson’s disease: a cross-sectional prevalence study. Mov. Disord. 2012;27(13):1679–82. DOI: 10.1002/mds.25129</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Kataoka H., Kiriyama T., Eura N. et al. Othello syndrome and chronic dopaminergic treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 2014;20(3):337–339. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.09.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>De Michele G., Palmieri G.R., Pane C. et al. Othello syndrome in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and report of a case series. Neurol. Sci. 2021;42(7):2721–2729. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05249-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Ng Y.F., Chen C.Y., Chia G.T. et al. The association between Parkinson’s disease and sexual dysfunction: clinical correlation and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res. Rev. 2022;79:101665. DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101665</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Addis I.B., Van Den Eeden S.K., Wassel-Fyr C.L. et al. Sexual activity and function in middle-aged and older women. Obstet. Gynecol. 2006;107:755–764.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Bhattacharyya K.B., Rosa-Grilo M. Sexual dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease: an underrated problem in a much-discussed disorder. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 2017;134:859–876. DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.019</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Hirtz D., Thurman D.J., Gwinn-Hardy K. et al. How common are the "common" neurologic disorders? Neurology. 2007;68(5):326–337. DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000252807.38124.a3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Yeo L., Singh R., Gundeti M. et al. Urinary tract dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease: a review. Int. Urol. Nephrol. 2012;44(2):415–424. DOI: 10.1007/s11255-011-9969-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Frenklach A. Management of depression in Parkinson’s disease. Am. J. Psychiatry Resid. J. 2016;11(4):8–11. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2016.110405</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Sandoval-Rincon M., Saenz-Farret M., Miguel-Puga A. et al. Rational pharmacological approaches for cognitive dysfunction and depression in Parkinson’s disease. Front. Neurol. 2015;6:71. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00071</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Troeung L., Egan S.J., Gasson N. A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled treatment trials for depression and anxiety in Parkinson’s disease. PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e79510. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079510</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Qiu B.Y., Qiao J.X., Yong J. Meta-analysis of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) compared to tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in the efficacy and safety of anti-depression therapy in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Iran J. Pharm. Res. 2014;13(4):1213–1219.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Smith K.M., Eyal E., Weintraub D. et al. Combined rasagiline and antidepressant use in Parkinson disease in the ADAGIO Study. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(1):88–95. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.2472</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Pahwa R., Stacy M.A., Factor S.A. et al. Ropinirole 24-hour prolonged release: randomized, controlled study in advanced Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2007;68(14):1108–1115. DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000258660.74391.c1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Chen J.J., Marsh L. Anxiety in Parkinson's disease: identification and management. Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord. 2014;7(1):52–59. DOI: 10.1177/1756285613495723</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Cumming R., Le Couteur D. Benzodiazepines and risk of hip fractures in older people: a review of the evidence. CNS Drugs. 2003;17(11):825–837. DOI: 10.2165/00023210-200317110-00004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Dell’Agnello G., Ceravolo R., Nuti A. et al. SSRIs do not worsen Parkinson’s disease: evidence from an open-label, prospective study. Clin. Neuropharmacol. 2001;24(4):221–227. DOI: 10.1097/00002826-200107000-00005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Aarsland D., Batzu L., Halliday G.M. et al. Parkinson disease-associated cognitive impairment. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers. 2021;7(1):47. DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00280-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Emre M., Aarsland D., Albanese A. et al. Rivastigmine for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004;351(24):2509–2518. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa041470</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Pfeiffer C., Wagner M.L. Clozapine therapy for Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 1994;51(24):3047–3053.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Carrasco A.J.P., Timmermann L., Pedrosa D.J. Management of constipation in patients with Parkinson’s disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2018;4:6. DOI: 10.1038/s41531-018-0042-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Bhidayasiri R., Phuenpathom W., Tan A.H. et al. Management of dysphagia and gastroparesis in Parkinson’s disease in real-world clinical practice — balancing pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2022;14:979826. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.979826</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Felix V.N., Corrêa S.M.A., Soares R.J. A therapeutic maneuver for oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Clinics. (Sao Paulo). 2008;63(5):661–666. DOI: 10.1590/S1807-59322008000500015</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>López-Liria R., Parra-Egeda J., Vega-Ramírez F.A. et al. Treatment of dysphagia in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17(11):4104. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114104</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Li C., Hou Y., Wang X. et al. Impact of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on hyposmia in patients with Parkinson's disease is influenced by constipation and dysbiosis of microbiota. Front. Neurol. 2021;12:653833. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.653833</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Perugi G., Poletti M., Logi C. et al. Diagnosis, assessment, and management of delusional jealousy in Parkinson's disease with and without dementia. Neurol. Sci. 2013;34(9):1537–1541. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-012-1276-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Bronner G., Vodušek D.B. Management of sexual dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord. 2011;4(6):375–383. DOI: 10.1177/1756285611411504</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Seppi K., Weintraub D., Coelho M. et al. The movement disorder society evidence-based medicine review update: treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Mov. Disord. 2011;26(Suppl. 3):42–80. DOI: 10.1002/mds.23884</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
