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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1087</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ACEN.1087</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Functional MRI-guided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>фМРТ-направленная ритмическая транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция в терапии когнитивных расстройств при церебральной микроангиопатии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-8315</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lagoda</surname><given-names>Dmitry Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лагода</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), researcher, Noninvasive neuromo- dulation group, Institute of Neurorehabilitation and Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Center of Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., н.с. группы неинвазивной нейромодуляции Института нейрореабилитации и восстановительных технологий Научного центра неврологии</p></bio><email>lagoda.d@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0716-3737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakulin</surname><given-names>Ilya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакулин</surname><given-names>Илья Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher, Head, Noninvasive neuromodulation group, Institute of Neurorehabilitation and Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Center of Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., с.н.с., рук. группы неинвазивной нейромодуляции Института нейрореабилитации и восстановительных технологий Научного центра неврологии</p></bio><email>bakulinilya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1841-1177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poydasheva</surname><given-names>Alexandra G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пойдашева</surname><given-names>Александра Георгиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), researcher, Noninvasive neuromodulation group, Institute of Neurorehabilitation and Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Center of Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., н.с. группы неинвазивной нейромодуляции Института нейрореабилитации и восстановительных технологий Научного центра неврологии</p></bio><email>alexandra.poydasheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9951-9803</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitsyn</surname><given-names>Dmitry O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицын</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Physics and Math.), researcher, Institute of neurorehabilitation and rehabilitation medicine, Research Center of Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н., н.с. Института нейрореабилитации и восстановительных технологий Научного центра неврологии</p></bio><email>d_sinitsyn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-3107</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zabirova</surname><given-names>Alfiia K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Забирова</surname><given-names>Альфия Ходжаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student, neurologist, Research Center of Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, врач-невролог Научного центра неврологии</p></bio><email>alfijasabirowa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7498-4063</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadzhieva</surname><given-names>Zukhra S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаджиева</surname><given-names>Зухра Шарапутдиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), neurologist, 3<sup>rd</sup> Neurological department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology, Research Center of Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-невролог 3-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии Научного центра неврологии</p></bio><email>zuhradoc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2523-333X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zabitova</surname><given-names>Maryam R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Забитова</surname><given-names>Марьям Руслановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), researcher, 3<sup>rd</sup> Neurological department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology, Research Center of Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., н.с. 3-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии Научного центра неврологии</p></bio><email>gadjieva@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6995-1352</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamtieva</surname><given-names>Kamila V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамтиева</surname><given-names>Камила Витальевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), researcher, 3<sup>rd</sup> Neurological department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology, Research Center of Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., н.с. 3-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии Научного центра неврологии</p></bio><email>kamila.shamt@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9929-2725</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrynina</surname><given-names>Larisa A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добрынина</surname><given-names>Лариса Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), chief researcher, Head, 3<sup>rd</sup> Neurological department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology, Research Center of Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., рук. 3-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии Научного центра неврологии</p></bio><email>dobrla@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3956-6362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suponeva</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супонева</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director, Institute of Neurorehabilitation and Resto- rative Technologies, Research Center of Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., член-корреспондент РАН, директор Института нейрореабилитации и восстановительных технологий Научного центра неврологии</p></bio><email>nasu2709@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-0392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Piradov</surname><given-names>Michael A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирадов</surname><given-names>Михаил Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director, Research Center of Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, директор Научного центра неврологии</p></bio><email>mpi711@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научный центр неврологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-02-02"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-04-08"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Lagoda D.Y., Bakulin I.S., Poydasheva A.G., Sinitsyn D.O., Zabirova A.K., Gadzhieva Z.S., Zabitova M.R., Shamtieva K.V., Dobrynina L.A., Suponeva N.A., Piradov M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Лагода Д.Ю., Бакулин И.С., Пойдашева А.Г., Синицын Д.О., Забирова А.Х., Гаджиева З.Ш., Забитова М.Р., Шамтиева К.В., Добрынина Л.А., Супонева Н.А., Пирадов М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lagoda D.Y., Bakulin I.S., Poydasheva A.G., Sinitsyn D.O., Zabirova A.K., Gadzhieva Z.S., Zabitova M.R., Shamtieva K.V., Dobrynina L.A., Suponeva N.A., Piradov M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лагода Д.Ю., Бакулин И.С., Пойдашева А.Г., Синицын Д.О., Забирова А.Х., Гаджиева З.Ш., Забитова М.Р., Шамтиева К.В., Добрынина Л.А., Супонева Н.А., Пирадов М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1087">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1087</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold>. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is one of the leading causes of vascular and mixed cognitive impairment (CI). Treatment options for CSVD-associated CI are limited. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising non-drug treatment option.</p> <p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of 10 rTMS sessions of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on cognitive functions in CSVD patients.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. The study included 30 patients with CSVD and moderate CI randomized to the active (DLPFC stimulation; n = 20) and control (vertex stimulation; n = 10) groups. Both groups received 10 sessions of high-frequency rTMS. The DLPFC target was selected based on the individual paradigm fMRI data with a focus on executive functions. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), the Trail Making Test (TMT), the Tower of London Test, and the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test before, immediately after, and 3 months after the stimulation. Adverse events were assessed using standardized questionnaires.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold>. The active group showed a significantly better effect compared to the control group according to MoCA, TMT A and B, The Tower of London Test, delayed recall on the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test immediately after the stimulation and MoCA, TMT A and B and The Tower of London 3 months after the stimulation. Adverse events in the study were mild and did not affect treatment adherence.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. rTMS is a promising, safe, and well-tolerated treatment option for mild cognitive impairment in CSVD. However, additional research is needed to make recommendations for its clinical use.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Церебральная микроангиопатия (ЦМА)/болезнь мелких сосудов — основная причина сосудистых и смешанных с дегенерацией когнитивных расстройств (КР). Возможности терапии КР при ЦМА ограничены. Ритмическая транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция (рТМС) является перспективным методом их немедикаментозной терапии.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — оценить эффект 10 сессий рТМС левой дорсолатеральной префронтальной коры (ДЛПФК) на когнитивные функции у пациентов с ЦМА.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы</bold>. В исследовании участвовали 30 пациентов с ЦМА и умеренными КР. Они были рандомизированы в активную (стимуляция ДЛПФК; n = 20) и контрольную (стимуляция вертекса; n = 10) группы. В обеих группах проведено 10 сессий высокочастотной рТМС. Мишень в пределах ДЛПФК выбирали по индивидуальным данным фМРТ с парадигмой на управляющие функции мозга. Когнитивные функции оценивали по Монреальской шкале оценки когнитивного статуса (МоСА), тесту построения пути (ТМТ), «башне Лондона» и комплексной фигуре Рея–Остеррица до, сразу после и через 3 мес после стимуляции. Нежелательные явления оценивали по стандартизированным опросникам.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Сравнение эффектов между группами показало статистически значимо лучший эффект в активной группе, чем в контрольной, по результатам шкалы МоСА, тестов построения пути А, В, «башня Лондона», отсроченному воспроизведению комплексной фигуры Рея–Остеррица сразу после стимуляции и шкалы МоСА, тестов ТМТ А, В и «башня Лондона» через 3 мес после стимуляции. Наблюдаемые в исследовании нежелательные явления были лёгкими по выраженности и не влияли на приверженность пациентов лечению.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. рТМС является многообещающим, безопасным и хорошо переносимым методом терапии умеренных КР при ЦМА, однако для формирования рекомендаций по применению в клинической практике необходимы дополнительные исследования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation</kwd><kwd>non-invasive brain stimulation</kwd><kwd>mild cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>vascular cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>cerebral small vessel disease</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ритмическая транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция</kwd><kwd>неинвазивная стимуляция головного мозга</kwd><kwd>умеренные когнитивные расстройства</kwd><kwd>сосудистые когнитивные расстройства</kwd><kwd>болезнь мелких сосудов</kwd><kwd>церебральная микроангиопатия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Wallin A., Nordlund A., Jonsson M. et al. 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