<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1098</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ACEN.1098</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical analysis</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинический разбор</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Myasthenia Gravis: Comorbidities and Differential Diagnosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Боковой амиотрофический склероз и миастения гравис: коморбидность и дифференциальная диагностика</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9352-5783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pervushina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Первушина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor, Department of neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент каф. неврологии</p></bio><email>mansur.kutlubaev@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1001-2024</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutlubaev</surname><given-names>Mansur A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутлубаев</surname><given-names>Мансур Амирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head, Department of neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, зав. каф. неврологии</p></bio><email>mansur.kutlubaev@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1246-4833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Magzhanov</surname><given-names>Rim V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магжанов</surname><given-names>Рим Валеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор каф. неврологии</p></bio><email>mansur.kutlubaev@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5959-388X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Brazhnikov</surname><given-names>Maksim V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бражников</surname><given-names>Максим Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>neurologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог</p></bio><email>mansur.kutlubaev@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3890-264X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Farrakhova</surname><given-names>Svetlana M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фаррахова</surname><given-names>Светлана Мизхатовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>neurologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог</p></bio><email>mansur.kutlubaev@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Clinical Hospital named after G.G. Kuvatov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканская клиническая больница имени Г.Г. Куватова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>122</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-01"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-09-02"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Pervushina E.V., Kutlubaev M.A., Magzhanov R.V., Brazhnikov M.V., Farrakhova S.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Первушина Е.В., Кутлубаев М.А., Магжанов Р.В., Бражников М.В., Farrakhova S.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pervushina E.V., Kutlubaev M.A., Magzhanov R.V., Brazhnikov M.V., Farrakhova S.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Первушина Е.В., Кутлубаев М.А., Магжанов Р.В., Бражников М.В., Farrakhova S.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1098">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1098</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and myasthenia gravis (MG) are both characterized by primarily motor deficit, and their differential diagnosis may be sometimes challenging. We present a case report of a patient with late-onset ALS, which was initially misdiagnosed for anti-acetylcholine (anti-AChR) antibody-positive MG. In some cases, ALS has been thought to be triggered by MG. In the presented case report, elevated anti-AChR antibody titers (positive anti-AchR Ab) had no clinical significance and possibly indicated an immune response to structural changes in the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular synapse in the ALS patient.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Боковой амиотрофический склероз (БАС) и миастения характеризуются чисто двигательным неврологическим дефицитом, и в некоторых случаях их дифференциальная диагностика может вызывать трудности. Представлен случай позднего дебюта БАС, который изначально был ошибочно принят за миастению с положительными антителами к ацетилхолиновым рецепторам (АХР). В некоторых случаях миастения рассматривается как триггер БАС. В представленном случае положительный титр антител к АХР не имел клинического значения и, возможно, указывал на иммунную реакцию на структурные изменения в постсинаптической мембране нервно-мышечного синапса у пациента с БАС.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</kwd><kwd>myasthenia gravis</kwd><kwd>anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies</kwd><kwd>motor neuron disease</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>боковой амиотрофический склероз</kwd><kwd>миастения</kwd><kwd>антитела к ацетилхолиновым рецепторам</kwd><kwd>болезнь двигательного нейрона</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Rodolico C., Bonanno C., Toscano A. et al. MuSK-associated myasthenia gravis: clinical features and management. Front. Neurol. 2020;11:660. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00660</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>De Pasqua S., Cavallieri F., D'Angelo R. et al. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and myasthenia gravis: association or chance occurrence? Neurol. Sci. 2017;38(3):441–444. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-016-2787-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Tiemessen M.M., Jagger A.L, Evans H.G. et al. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells induce alternative activation of human monocytes/macrophages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 2007;104(49):19446–19451. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0706832104</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Berrih-Aknin S., Le Panse R. Myasthenia gravis: a comprehensive review of immune dysregulation and etiological mechanisms. J. Autoimmun. 2014;52:90–100. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.12.011</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Zhao W., Xie W., Xiao Q. et al. Protective effects of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-4, on motoneuron toxicity induced by activated microglia. J. Neurochem. 2006;99(4):1176–1187. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04172.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Beers D.R., Henkel J.S., Zhao W. et al. Endogenous regulatory T lymphocytes ameliorate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in mice and correlate with disease progression in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain. 2011;134(Pt 5):1293–1314. DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr074</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Fischer L.R., Culver D.G., Tennant P. et al. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a distal axonopathy: evidence in mice and man. Exp. Neurol. 2004;185(2):232–240. DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2003.10.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang D., Zhao Y., Yan C. et al. CMAP decrement by low-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation in different hand muscles of ALS patients. Neurol. Sci. 2019; 40(12):2609–2615. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04027-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Щербакова Н.И., Касаткина Л.Ф., Гуркина Г.Т и др. Развитие бокового амиотрофического склероза у больного с миастенией: случайное сочетание или патогенетически взаимосвязанные состояния? Неврологический журнал. 2013;18(6):9–16. Shcherbakova N.I., Kasatkina L.F., Gurkina G.T. et al. An unusual сase of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in а patient with myasthenia gravis: random combination or pathogenesis related conditions? Nevrologicheskii zhurnal. 2013;18(6):9–16.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Verma S., Khurana S., Vats A. et al. Neuromuscular junction dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mol. Neurobiol. 2022;59(3):1502–1527. DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02658-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Yang Z., He L., Ren M. et al. Paraneoplastic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: case series and literature review. Brain Sci. 2022;12(8):1053. DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081053</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Mehanna R., Patton E.L. Jr., Phan C.L. et al. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with positive anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Case report and review of the literature. J. Clin. Neuromuscul. Dis. 2012;14(2):82–85. DOI: 10.1097/CND.0b013e31824db163</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Ashizawa T. False positive anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in motorneurone disease. Lancet. 1986;1(8492):1272. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)91408-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Longinetti E., Sveinsson O., Press R. et al. ALS patients with concurrent neuroinflammatory disorders; a nationwide clinical records study. Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. Frontotemporal. Degener. 2022;23(3–4):209–219. DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2021.1946084</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Ковражкина Е.А., Сердюк А.В., Разинская О.Д. и др. Миастенический синдром у пациента с терминальной стадией бокового амиотрофического склероза. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2023;123(7):102–107. Kovrazhkina E.A., Serdyuk A.V., Razinskaya O.D. et al. Myasthenic syndrome in a patient with end-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2023;123(7):102–107. DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2023123071102</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Tai H., Cui L., Guan Y. et al. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome: a review of two cases and the associated literature. Front. Neurol. 2017;8:218. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00218</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Санадзе А.Г., Касаткина Л.Ф. Два случая трансформации миастении в боковой амиотрофический склероз. Нервно-мышечные болезни. 2012;(4):53–58. Sanadze A.G., Kasatkina L.F. Two cases transformation myasthenia gravis to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuromuscular Diseases. 2012;(4):53–58. DOI: 10.17650/2222-8721-2012-0-4-53-58</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
