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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1129</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ACEN.1129</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Sensitivity and Specificity of the Diagnostic Method for Detecting α-Synuclein as a Histological Marker for Parkinson's Disease in Salivary Gland Tissues: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ чувствительности и специфичности метода детекции α-синуклеина в ткани слюнных желёз в качестве диагностического гистологического маркера болезни Паркинсона: систематический обзор и метаанализ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9441-4797</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khacheva</surname><given-names>Kristina K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хачева</surname><given-names>Кристина Константиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>neurologist, laboratory assistant, Laboratory of neuromorphology, Brain Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог, лаборант-исследователь лаб. нейроморфологии Института мозга</p></bio><email>christina.khacheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-6282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Illarioshkin</surname><given-names>Sergey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иллариошкин</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), prof., RAS Full Member, Director, Brain Institute, Deputy director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, зам. директора по научной работе, директор Института мозга</p></bio><email>christina.khacheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2174-2412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karabanov</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карабанов</surname><given-names>Алексей Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), neurologist, Consulting and diagnostic department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач-невролог консультативно-диагностического отделения</p></bio><email>christina.khacheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научный центр неврологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-30"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-03"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Khacheva K.K., Illarioshkin S.N., Karabanov A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Хачева К.К., Иллариошкин С.Н., Карабанов А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khacheva K.K., Illarioshkin S.N., Karabanov A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хачева К.К., Иллариошкин С.Н., Карабанов А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1129">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1129</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Immunohistochemistry of α-synuclein (α-syn), a marker for Parkinson's disease, in salivary gland (SG) biopsy specimens has been actively studied as a method of verification and early diagnosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to analyze characteristics of study designs and evaluate pooled sensitivity and specificity.</p> <p>The review included publications that were found by keyword search and met inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis of comparative studies was conducted using a univariate random-effects model to calculate pooled specificity and sensitivity.</p> <p>The systematic review and meta-analysis included 16 and 13 clinical studies, respectively. Antibodies against modified α-syn, double detection, and incisional biopsy specimens of SGs were the most common approaches used in the studies. There is a need for clinical studies with quantitative data analysis. Approximately 15% of patients experienced adverse events, which were more common in case of fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens of SGs. Pooled sensitivity and specificity (regardless of the anti-α-syn antibody type and SG size) were 76.6% and 98.0%, respectively. Sensitivity (76.3%) and specificity (99.3%) were higher when antibodies against phosphorylated α-syn and major SGs were used.</p> <p>The most promising variant of the method involved double detection using antibodies against modified α-syn and markers of nerve fibers in incisional biopsy specimens of major SGs and quantitative data analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a possibility of developing this diagnostic method and implementing it into routine practice owing to its high sensitivity and specificity. Further studies employing quantitative data analysis are required to gain deeper insight into the method's role in verifying Parkinson's disease and informing the severity of neurodegeneration and disease prognosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Иммуногистохимическое исследование маркера болезни Паркинсона α-синуклеина (α-syn) в биоптатах слюнных желёз (СЖ) — один из активно изучаемых методов верификации и ранней диагностики заболевания. Цель систематического обзора и метаанализа — проанализировать особенности дизайнов клинических исследований (КИ) и оценить объединённую чувствительность и специфичность метода.</p> <p>В обзор включались публикации, найденные по заданным ключевым словам и соответствующие критериям включения. Метаанализ проводился только для сравнительных КИ с использованием унивариантной модели случайных эффектов с целью вычисления объединённой специфичности и чувствительности.</p> <p>В систематический обзор включены 16 КИ, в метаанализ — 13 КИ. Наиболее часто в КИ использовали антитела (АТ) к модифицированному α-syn и двойную детекцию, а также инцизионные биоптаты СЖ. Выявлена необходимость проведения КИ с количественной оценкой результатов. Доля пациентов с нежелательными явлениями составила около 15%, они чаще отмечались при использовании тонкоигольной биопсии СЖ. Объединённая чувствительность и специфичность метода (без учёта вида АТ к α-syn и размера СЖ) составили 76,6 и 98,0% соответственно. При использовании АТ только к фосфорилированному α-syn и крупных СЖ показаны бóльшие чувствительность (76,3%) и специфичность (99,3%).</p> <p>Наиболее перспективным вариантом методики является двойная детекция с АТ к модифицированному α-syn и маркерам нервных волокон в инцизионном материале крупных СЖ с количественной оценкой результатов. Метаанализ продемонстрировал возможность развития и внедрения метода в клинику как диагностического из-за его высокой чувствительности и специфичности. Необходимы дальнейшие КИ с количественной оценкой для получения полного представления о значимости метода не только для верификации болезни Паркинсона, но и для получения представлений о выраженности нейродегенеративного процесса и прогнозе течения заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Parkinson's disease</kwd><kwd>salivary gland biopsy</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>α-synuclein</kwd><kwd>meta-analysis</kwd><kwd>systematic review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Паркинсона</kwd><kwd>биопсия слюнной железы</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd><kwd>α-синуклеин</kwd><kwd>метаанализ</kwd><kwd>систематический обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>McKeith I.G., Boeve B.F., Dickson D.W. et al. Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: Fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium. Neurology. 2017;89(1):88–100. 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