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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1150</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ACEN.1150</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Bitemporal Interictal Epileptiform Discharges: Effects of Sleep and Wakefulness</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Височная эпилепсия с битемпоральными интериктальными разрядами: влияние сна и бодрствования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-2925</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Broutian</surname><given-names>Amayak G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брутян</surname><given-names>Амаяк Грачевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head, Laboratory of clinical neurophysiology, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. лаб. клинической нейрофизиологии Института клинической и профилактической неврологии </p></bio><email>ncnmaximova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glazova</surname><given-names>Mariya  A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глазова</surname><given-names>Мария Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ostgraduate student, 2<sup>nd</sup> Neurological department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант 2-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии </p></bio><email>ncnmaximova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7682-6672</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimova</surname><given-names>Marina Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимова</surname><given-names>Марина Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med), Prof., Head, 2<sup>nd</sup> Neurological department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, рук. 2-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии</p></bio><email>ncnmaximova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2339-8483</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyakova-Bodina</surname><given-names>Alexandra I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белякова-Бодина</surname><given-names>Александра Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Laboratory of clinical neurophysiology, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м. н. с. лаб. клинической нейрофизиологии Института клинической и профилактической неврологии </p></bio><email>ncnmaximova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научный центр неврологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-18"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-07-19"><day>19</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Broutian A.G., Glazova M.A., Maksimova M.Y., Belyakova-Bodina A.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Брутян А.Г., Глазова М.А., Максимова М.Ю., Белякова-Бодина А.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Broutian A.G., Glazova M.A., Maksimova M.Y., Belyakova-Bodina A.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Брутян А.Г., Глазова М.А., Максимова М.Ю., Белякова-Бодина А.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1150">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1150</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Independent bitemporal interictal discharges are often found in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. The likelihood of registering epileptiform activity (EA) is higher during sleep. Assessment of bitemporal interictal epileptiform discharges (BIEDs) with various discharge predominance ratio is used for presurgical evaluation of epilepsy patients and prediction of surgical outcomes.</p> <p>Our <bold>objective</bold> was to determine the predominant side (PS) in patients with bitemporal epilepsy using the incidence of epileptiform discharges for each sleep stage.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> We analyzed 45 recordings of 10–24 h long-term video-EEG monitoring (LTM) in patients with bitemporal EA. For each recording, the total incidence of EA (IEA) and EA incidence for wakefulness and for each sleep stage were calculated individually. We also assessed the discharge predominance index (DPI) as a ratio of IEA in the predominant and contralateral sides for the entire recording and for each sleep stage.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> We observed an IEA increase with sleep deepening, with maximum values observed during N2 and N3 sleep stages. The minimum IEA values were recorded during REM sleep; nevertheless, most of the REM sleep discharges were detected on the PS. DPI values were the highest and the most stable during N2 and N3 stages.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The findings of our study demonstrate an increase in DPI values with non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep deepening in patients with bitemporal localization of EA. Despite the protective effects of REM sleep (i.e., reducing the likelihood of EA), it may be pivotal in lateralization of EA in patients with BIEDs. The PS is generally determined by a higher DPI during N2 and N3 stages.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> У пациентов с височной эпилепсией нередко выявляются независимые битемпоральные разряды в межприступном периоде. Вероятность регистрации эпилептиформной активности (ЭА) увеличивается во сне. Наличие битемпоральных интериктальных эпилептиформных разрядов с различным соотношением количества разрядов по сторонам учитывается для определения исхода хирургического лечения.</p> <p><bold>Цель:</bold> на основании расчёта индекса эпилептиформных разрядов для каждой стадии сна выявить доминирующую сторону у пациентов с битемпоральной эпилепсией.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование были включены 45 записей видео-ЭЭГ-мониторинга длительностью 10–24 ч у пациентов с битемпоральной ЭА. Для каждой записи рассчитывали общий индекс ЭА и индекс ЭА для бодрствования и каждой стадии сна отдельно. Также определяли индекс доминирования разрядов (ИДР) в процентах как соотношение разрядов на доминирующей и контралатеральной сторонах для всей записи и отдельно для каждой стадии.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Отмечено увеличение индекса ЭА по мере углубления сна, максимальные значения выявлены в стадиях сна N2 и N3. Минимальное значение индекса ЭА было в фазе REM-сна, тем не менее в большинстве случаев разряды в REM-фазе выявлялись на доминирующей стороне. ИДР был наиболее высоким и стабильным в стадиях N2 и N3.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Результаты исследования пациентов с битемпоральной локализацией ЭА свидетельствуют о возрастании ИДР по мере увеличения глубины не-REM-сна. Несмотря на то что REM-сон обладает протективными свойствами, снижая вероятность появления ЭА, для пациентов с битемпоральными интериктальными эпилептиформными разрядами он может иметь латерализующее значение. Доминирующая сторона в значительной степени определяется высоким значением ИДР в стадиях N2 и N3.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>temporal lobe epilepsy with bitemporal discharges</kwd><kwd>sleep</kwd><kwd>electroencephalography</kwd><kwd>sleep stages</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>височная эпилепсия с битемпоральными разрядами</kwd><kwd>сон</kwd><kwd>электроэнцефалография</kwd><kwd>стадии сна</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Hauser W.A., Kurland L.T. The epidemiology of epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 through 1967. Epilepsia. 1975;16(1):1–66. 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