Annals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyAnnals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyАнналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии2075-54732409-2533Eco-Vector115210.17816/ACEN.1152ReviewsОбзорыReview ArticleCellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Experimental Data for Evaluating Changes in Nervous TissueКлеточные и молекулярные механизмы транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции: экспериментальные данные в оценке изменений нервной тканиhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-2258-6155KrasilnikovaAnna P.КрасильниковаАнна Павловна
Russian Federation

student

студент

av_egorova@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7112-2556EgorovaAnna V.ЕгороваАнна Валериевна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant professor, researcher, Laboratory of neuromorphology, Brain Institute, Assistant professor, Department of histology, embryology and cytology

канд. мед. наук, доцент, н. с. лаб. нейроморфологии Института мозга, доцент каф. гистологии, эмбриологии и цитологии

av_egorova@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5222-5322VoronkovDmitry N.ВоронковДмитрий Николаевич
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher, Laboratory of neuromorphology, Brain Institute

канд. мед. наук, с. н. с. лаб. нейроморфологии Института мозга

av_egorova@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1841-1177PoydashevaAlexandra G.ПойдашеваАлександра Георгиевна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Med.), researcher, Non-invasive neuromodulation group, Institute of Neurorehabilitation and Rehabilitation Technologies

канд. мед. наук, н. с. группы неинвазивной нейромодуляции Института нейрореабилитации и восстановительных технологий

av_egorova@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8708-6940GlinkinaValeria V.ГлинкинаВалерия Владимировна
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head, Department of histology, embryology and cytology

д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. каф. гистологии, эмбриологии и цитологии

av_egorova@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-6939SukhorukovVladimir S.СухоруковВладимир Сергеевич
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head, Laboratory of neuromorphology, Brain Institute, Professor, Department of histology, embryology and cytology

д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. лаб. нейроморфологии Института мозга, профессор каф. гистологии, эмбриологии и цитологии

av_egorova@bk.ruLomonosov Moscow State UniversityМосковский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваResearch Center of NeurologyНаучный центр неврологииPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityРоссийский научно-исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова06122024184961092006202409092024Copyright ©; 2024, Krasilnikova A.P., Egorova A.V., Voronkov D.N., Poydasheva A.G., Glinkina V.V., Sukhorukov V.S.Copyright ©; 2024, Красильникова А.П., Егорова А.В., Воронков Д.Н., Пойдашева А.Г., Глинкина В.В., Сухоруков В.С.2024Krasilnikova A.P., Egorova A.V., Voronkov D.N., Poydasheva A.G., Glinkina V.V., Sukhorukov V.S.Красильникова А.П., Егорова А.В., Воронков Д.Н., Пойдашева А.Г., Глинкина В.В., Сухоруков В.С.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1152

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method for targeted modulation of the electrical activity of brain neurons with a magnetic field. Although TMS efficacy was demonstrated in the treatment of several neurological and mental disorders, changes in nervous tissue at the cellular and molecular levels with different duration and intensity of stimulation have been relatively understudied by cellular neurobiology methods. Aim. The aim of this review was to evaluate and summarize new experimental data on the fundamental mechanisms underlying the action of TMS and its potential in modulating structural and functional changes in nervous tissue. This article summarizes recent data on the effects of different TMS protocols on the mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and neuronal differentiation. Separate sections summarize the neuroprotective effects of this method and glial microenvironment response. Studies to investigate the mechanisms of TMS will contribute to the development of more effective and reliable treatment protocols.

Транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция (ТМС) — неинвазивный метод направленного воздействия на электрическую активность нейронов головного мозга магнитным полем. Несмотря на доказанную эффективность в лечении ряда неврологических и психических заболеваний, изменения в нервной ткани на клеточном и молекулярном уровнях при разной длительности и интенсивности стимуляции мало изучены методами клеточной нейробиологии. Целью работы явился анализ и обобщение новых экспериментальных данных о фундаментальных механизмах действия ТМС и потенциальных возможностях данного метода в модуляции структурно-функциональных изменений в нервной ткани. В работе систематизированы современные сведения о влиянии разных протоколов ТМС на механизмы синаптической пластичности, нейрогенез и дифференцировку нейронов. Отдельные разделы посвящены нейропротективным эффектам данного метода, а также ответной реакции глиального микроокружения. Исследования механизмов ТМС будут способствовать разработке более результативных и надёжных протоколов лечения.

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