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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1199</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ACEN.1199</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Improvement of Neurotransplantation Outcomes in Rats with 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Parkinsonism</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опыт применения транскраниальной электростимуляции постоянным током с целью улучшения исходов нейротрансплантации у крыс с паркинсонизмом, индуцированным 6-гидроксидофамином</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8689-0934</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stavrovskaya</surname><given-names>Alla V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ставровская</surname><given-names>Алла Вадимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>leading researcher, Head, Laboratory of experimental pathology of the nervous system and neuropharmacology, Brain Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>в. н. с. лаб. экспериментальной патологии нервной системы и нейрофармакологии Института мозга</p></bio><email>alla_stav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5222-5322</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronkov</surname><given-names>Dmitry N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронков</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior researcher, Laboratory of neuromorphology, Brain Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., с.н.с. лаб. нейроморфологии Института мозга Научного центра неврологии</p></bio><email>alla_stav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-3738</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Potapov</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапов</surname><given-names>Иван Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Laboratory of experimental pathology of the nervous system and neuropharmacology, Brain Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м. н. с. лаб. экспериментальной патологии нервной системы и нейрофармакологии Института мозга</p></bio><email>alla_stav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-0367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Titov</surname><given-names>Daniil S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титов</surname><given-names>Даниил Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>alla_stav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5696-8032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Olshansky</surname><given-names>Artem S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольшанский</surname><given-names>Артем Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior researcher, Laboratory of experimental pathology of the nervous system and neuropharmacology, Brain Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>с. н. с. лаб. экспериментальной патологии нервной системы и нейрофармакологии Института мозга</p></bio><email>alla_stav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5653-5524</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>Anastasiia K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Кирилловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>laboratory research assistant, Laboratory of experimental pathology of the nervous system and neuropharmacology, Brain Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь лаб. экспериментальной патологии нервной системы и нейрофармакологии Института мозга</p></bio><email>alla_stav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0767-5265</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior researcher, Laboratory of cell biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>с. н. с. лаб. клеточной биологии</p></bio><email>alla_stav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-6282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Illarioshkin</surname><given-names>Sergey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иллариошкин</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., RAS Full Member, Director, Brain Institute, Deputy Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н. профессор, академик РАН, зам. директора Научного центра неврологии по научной работе, директор Института мозга</p></bio><email>alla_stav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научный центр неврологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bauman Moscow State Technical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Сhemical Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр физико-химической медицины имени академика Ю.М. Лопухина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-09-29"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-11-02"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Stavrovskaya A.V., Voronkov D.N., Potapov I.A., Titov D.S., Olshansky A.S., Pavlova A.K., Lebedeva O.S., Illarioshkin S.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Ставровская А.В., Воронков Д.Н., Потапов И.А., Титов Д.С., Ольшанский А.С., Павлова А.К., Лебедева О.С., Иллариошкин С.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stavrovskaya A.V., Voronkov D.N., Potapov I.A., Titov D.S., Olshansky A.S., Pavlova A.K., Lebedeva O.S., Illarioshkin S.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ставровская А.В., Воронков Д.Н., Потапов И.А., Титов Д.С., Ольшанский А.С., Павлова А.К., Лебедева О.С., Иллариошкин С.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1199">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1199</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. With the number of patients with Parkinson's disease steadily growing, the need for novel treatment approaches is increasing. Combining transplantation of neuronal progenitors derived from induced pluripotent stem cells and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is among the promising methods.</p> <p>Aim: to examine the effect of tDCS on the cell graft condition and motor symptoms of Parkinson's syndrome in rats.</p> <p>Materials and methods. Parkinson's syndrome was modeled in Wistar rats by the unilateral intranigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 12 μg in 3 μL) The model rats underwent neurotransplantation (3 × 105 cells in 10 μL) into the caudate nuclei on the affected side. The animals underwent tDCS for 14 days. Behavioral changes were analyzed by open field and beam-walking tests. Development and morphological characteristics of the graft were assessed by the morphochemical study.</p> <p>Results. Neurotransplantation had no significant effect on the behavior of rats with parkinsonism; however, combined with tDCS, it increased motor activity during the open field tests compared with the group of model rats (р = 0.0014) and mitigated their anxiety-related behaviors (р = 0.048) in tests at 3 weeks after the transplantation. These effects were not observed in tests at 3 months. The morphochemical study revealed larger graft sizes in the animals that underwent tDCS compared with the controls and cell shift to the marginal zone of the graft. Stimulation was also shown to induce division of a part of cells at early stages of differentiation and promote active synaptogenesis.</p> <p>Conclusion. Combining neurotransplantation and tDCS in the 6-OHDA-induced model of parkinsonism demonstrated its potential to manage both motor and non-motor symptoms. Optimizing protocols of transplantation and tDCS and evaluating their long-term efficacy and safety are required to successfully implement this method into clinical practice.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Введение. Неуклонно растущее число пациентов с болезнью Паркинсона диктует необходимость поиска новых терапевтических подходов к её лечению. Одним из перспективных методов представляется сочетание трансплантации нейрональных предшественников, полученных из индуцированных плюрипотентных стволовых клеток, и транскраниальной электростимуляции (ТЭС).</p> <p>Цель исследования: изучить влияние ТЭС постоянным током на состояние клеточного трансплантата и моторные симптомы паркинсонического синдрома у крыс.</p> <p>Материалы и методы. Паркинсонический синдром у крыс Вистар моделировали односторонним интранигральным введением 6-гидроксидофамина (6-ГДА; 12 мкг на 3 мкл). Нейротрансплантацию (3 × 105 клеток в 10 мкл) осуществляли в хвостатые ядра мозга животных-моделей на стороне повреждения. ТЭС постоянным током проводили в течение 14 дней. Изменения поведения животных анализировали в тестах «открытое поле» и «сужающаяся дорожка». В морфохимическом исследовании оценивали развитие и морфологические характеристики трансплантата.</p> <p>Результаты. Нейротрансплантация не оказала значимого влияния на поведение крыс с паркинсонизмом, однако в сочетании с ТЭС привела к увеличению двигательной активности крыс в тесте «открытое поле», по сравнению с группой крыс-моделей (р = 0,0014), и ослаблению у них неврозоподобного состояния (р = 0,048) в тестах через 3 нед после введения трансплантата. В тестах, проведённых через 3 мес, эти эффекты не наблюдались. Морфохимическое исследование выявило бо́льшие размеры трансплантата у животных, подвергнутых ТЭС, по сравнению с контролем, и смещение клеток в краевую зону трансплантата. Показано также, что стимуляция провоцирует деление части клеток, находящихся на ранних стадиях дифференцировки, и способствует активному формированию синаптических контактов.</p> <p>Заключение. Сочетание нейротрансплантации и ТЭС на 6-ГДА-индуцированной модели паркинсонизма демонстрирует потенциал данной технологии для коррекции как двигательных, так и недвигательных проявлений заболевания. Для успешной трансляции метода в клинику необходимы дальнейшая оптимизация протоколов трансплантации и ТЭС, оценка долгосрочной эффективности и безопасности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Parkinson's disease</kwd><kwd>animal models</kwd><kwd>neurotransplantation</kwd><kwd>transcranial direct current stimulation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Паркинсона</kwd><kwd>модели на животных</kwd><kwd>нейротрансплантация</kwd><kwd>транскраниальная электростимуляция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>24-45-00052</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ou Z., Pan J., Tang S. et al. 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