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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">12</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic12</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Pathogenetic stroke subtypes and their diagnostic criteria in patients with ischemic heart disease and intracranial atherosclerosis: a clinical-morphological study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Патогенетические подтипы инсульта и критерии их диагностики у больных с ишемической болезнью сердца и церебральным атеросклерозом (клинико-морфологическое исследование)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ablyakimov</surname><given-names>Renat E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аблякимов</surname><given-names>Ренат Эсатович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anufriev@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anufriev</surname><given-names>Pavel L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ануфриев</surname><given-names>Павел Лазаревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anufriev@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tanashyan</surname><given-names>Marine M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Танашян</surname><given-names>Маринэ Мовсесовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anufriev@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-12-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>10</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-01-27"><day>27</day><month>01</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Ablyakimov R.E., Anufriev P.L., Tanashyan M.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Ablyakimov R.E., Anufriev P.L., Tanashyan M.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ablyakimov R.E., Anufriev P.L., Tanashyan M.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ablyakimov R.E., Anufriev P.L., Tanashyan M.M.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/12">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/12</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> An important objective of vascular neurology is to improve understanding of the pathogenetic subtypes of ischemic stroke and their diagnostic criteria, making it possible to perform targeted treatment and adequate prevention of cerebral circulation disorders.<bold>Objective.</bold> To identify the pathogenetic stroke subtypes and to specify whether their differential diagnosis is possible in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) combined with intracranial atherosclerosis.<bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The results of the morphological study and the findings of intravital examination of patients in 40 postmortem cases are compared.<bold>Results.</bold> It is shown that the same forms of IHD (atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, or postinfarction cardiosclerosis) combined with intracranial atherosclerosis may result in stroke classified as belonging to different pathogenetic subtypes: cardiogenic embolic or hemodynamic stroke, with an almost identical incidence rate (51 and 49%, respectively). In at least 90% of cases, diagnosis of cardiogenic embolic strokes can be based on revealing the infarction outside the regions of the adjacent blood supply of cerebral arteries if a patient had the embolic form of IHD and did not have pronounced stenosis and embologenic atherosclerotic plaques on the ipsilateral side to the infarction. In at least 72% of cases, hemodynamic strokes were determined by the IHD-related hemodynamic factor that was responsible for the development of infarction in the zones of adjacent blood supply or lacunar stroke if there was pronounced ipsilateral stenosis. The hemorrhagic component in brain infarctions (38%) and asymptomatic embolism of the internal organs (46%) were found to be associated with cardiogenic and embolic strokes, as well as hemodynamic strokes with atypical localization and extent of infarction related to intracranial tandem stenosis.<bold>Conclusion.</bold> The early risks of developing both cardiogenic embolic stroke and hemodynamic stroke were shown to be equal in patients with IHD and intracranial atherosclerosis. It has been proved that these stroke subtypes have distinctive features that enable differential diagnosis of these two diseases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Важной задачей ангионеврологии является развитие учения о патогенетических подтипах ишемического инсульта и критериях их диагностики, определяющего возможность целенаправленного лечения и адекватной профилактики нарушений мозгового кровообращения.<bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Определение патогенетических подтипов инсульта и уточнение возможности их дифференциальной диагностики у больных с ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) в сочетании с церебральным атеросклерозом.<bold>Материалы и методы</bold> исследования. Проведено сопоставление результатов морфологического исследования и данных предшествующего обследования больных в 40 секционных случаях.<bold>Результаты.</bold> Показано, что одни и те же формы ИБС (мерцательная аритмия, инфаркт миокарда, постинфарктный кардиосклероз) в сочетании с церебральным атеросклерозом могут обусловливать инсульты разных патогенетических подтипов – кардиогенного эмболического и гемодинамического – практически с одинаковой частотой (51% и 49% соответственно). Диагностика инсультов кардиогенного эмболического подтипа не менее чем в 90% случаев могла основываться на выявлении инфаркта вне областей смежного кровоснабжения церебральных артерий при наличии «эмболической» формы ИБС и отсутствии выраженного стеноза и эмбологенных атеросклеротических бляшек на стороне инфаркта. Инсульты гемодинамического подтипа не менее чем в 72% случаев определялись гемодинамическим фактором, связанным с ИБС и обусловливающим возникновение инфаркта в области смежного кровоснабжения или лакунарного инфаркта при наличии ипсилатерального выраженного стеноза. Установлена значительная частота геморрагического компонента в инфарктах мозга (38%) и бессимптомной эмболии внутренних органов (46%) при инсультах кардиогенного эмболического подтипа, а также гемодинамических инсультов с нетипичными для них локализацией и величиной инфарктов, возникающих при интракраниальных тандемных стенозах.<bold>Заключение.</bold> У больных с ИБС и церебральным атеросклерозом продемонстрирована равная вероятность развития как кардиогенных эмболических инсультов, так и инсультов, развивающихся по гемодинамическому патогенетическому механизму. Доказано наличие отличительных признаков данных подтипов инсульта, позволяющих проводить их дифференциальную диагностику.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>brain infarction</kwd><kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>coronary heart disease</kwd><kwd>atherosclerosis of cerebral arteries</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфаркт головного мозга</kwd><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>ишемическая болезнь сердца</kwd><kwd>церебральный атеросклероз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Suslina Z.A., Gulevskaya T.S., Maksimova M.Yu., Morgunov V.A. Narusheniya mozgovogo krovoobrashсheniya: diagnostika, lechenie, profilaktika [Cerebrovascular disease: diagnosis, treatment, prevention]. Moscow. MEDpress-inform, 2016. 536 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Adams H.P.Jr., Bendixen B.H., Kappelle L.J. et al. 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