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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1276</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ACEN.1276</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Delirium in acute ischemic stroke: risk factors, sequelae, and pathogenetic treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Спутанность сознания в остром периоде ишемического инсульта: факторы риска, последствия, патогенетическая коррекция</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8988-3011</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinenko</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвиненко</surname><given-names>Игорь Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head, Department of nervous diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, начальник кафедры нервных болезней </p></bio><email>1860n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5620-5986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khlystov</surname><given-names>Yuriy V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хлыстов</surname><given-names>Юрий Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head assistant, Clinic of nervous diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>помощник начальника клиники нервных болезней</p></bio><email>1860n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5881-2242</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsygan</surname><given-names>Nikolay V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыган</surname><given-names>Николай Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, deputy Head, Department of nervous diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, заместитель начальника кафедры нервных болезней </p></bio><email>1860n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7314-7711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Odinak</surname><given-names>Miroslav M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Одинак</surname><given-names>Мирослав Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corr. Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of psychiatry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, профессор кафедры психиатрии </p></bio><email>1860n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3616-6574</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurasov</surname><given-names>Evgeny S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курасов</surname><given-names>Евгений Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head, Clinic of psychiatry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. клиникой психиатрии </p></bio><email>1860n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2476-7666</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sapozhnikov</surname><given-names>Kirill V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сапожников</surname><given-names>Кирилл Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), lecturer, Department of automation of medical service management with military medical statistics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, преподаватель каф. автоматизации управления медицинской службой с военно-медицинской статистикой </p></bio><email>1860n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-23"><day>23</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-19"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Litvinenko I.V., Khlystov Y.V., Tsygan N.V., Odinak M.M., Kurasov E.S., Sapozhnikov K.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Литвиненко И.В., Хлыстов Ю.В., Цыган Н.В., Одинак М.М., Курасов Е.С., Сапожников К.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Litvinenko I.V., Khlystov Y.V., Tsygan N.V., Odinak M.M., Kurasov E.S., Sapozhnikov K.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Литвиненко И.В., Хлыстов Ю.В., Цыган Н.В., Одинак М.М., Курасов Е.С., Сапожников К.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1276">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1276</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>Delirium, or an acute confusional state, is a common complication affecting between 10 and 48% of acute stroke patients. In the acute phase of stroke, delirium contributes to prolonged hospital stays, higher treatment costs and in-hospital and long-term mortality, increased risk of disability, and reduced potential for post-stroke rehabilitation.</p> <p>The <bold>aim</bold> of this study is to identify delirium risk factors in acute stroke patients, to study the effects of delirium on mortality rates, post-stroke cognitive functioning, and to assess treatment options.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods</bold><bold>.</bold> One hundred and thirty-eight patients (93 males and 45 females) with a mean age of 71 [69.0; 74.8] years were enrolled in the study. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM); for initial assessment and repeated measurements of delirium severity, the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS) was used. Pre-stroke cognitive decline was assessed retrospectively using the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE). Neuropsychological testing and assessment of caregiver burden using the Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS) were performed at 3, 6, and 18 months post-stroke onset.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold><bold>.</bold> An IQCODE score of &gt; 91 is a risk factor for severe delirium in acute stroke patients (p &lt; 0.001). Severe delirium in acute stroke was associated with greater cognitive deficits (p &lt; 0.05) and greater caregiver burden (р &lt; 0.01) at 3 and 6 months post-stroke. DRS score &gt; 15 and delirium duration &gt; 10 days were found to be death risk factors at 18 months after stroke onset (OR = 3.58; 95% CI 1.4–9.19; p = 0.008 and OR = 2.56; 95% CI 1.03–6.38; p &lt; 0.044, respectively). Central acetylcholinesterase inhibitors reduced the delirium duration (p = 0.015), improved cognitive function at 3, 6, and 18 months post-stroke (p &lt; 0.01), and decreased caregiver burden at 3 and 6 months post-stroke (р &lt; 0.05).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold><bold>.</bold> Delirium in the acute phase of stroke contributes to post-stroke cognitive decline in the patients and greater burden for their caregivers. Central acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can improve the post-stroke patient’s condition and decrease the strain for caregivers.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold><bold>. </bold>Спутанность сознания (СпС)— частое осложнение острых нарушений мозгового кровообращения, возникающее в остром периоде инсульта в 10–48% случаев. Развитие СпС в остром периоде ишемического инсульта (ИИ) способствует увеличению продолжительности госпитализации и стоимости лечения, частоты внутригоспитальных и отсроченных летальных исходов, вероятности инвалидизации, снижению реабилитационного потенциала.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>исследования — установить факторы риска СпС в остром периоде ИИ, её влияние на вероятность летального исхода, постинсультную динамику когнитивных функций, а также возможности медикаментозной коррекции СпС.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold><bold>.</bold> В исследование были включены 138 пациентов — 93 мужчины и 45 женщин в возрасте 71 [69,0; 74,8] год. Спутанность сознания оценивали по шкале CAM, степень выраженности спутанности сознания и её динамику — по шкале DRS. Доинсультный уровень когнитивных нарушений ретроспективно оценивали по анкете состояния когнитивных функций у пожилого пациента IQCODE. Нейропсихологическое тестирование пациентов и оценку нагрузки на родственников пациента по шкале CBS выполняли через 3, 6 и 18 мес после дебюта ИИ.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold><bold>.</bold> Доинсультные когнитивные нарушения более 91 балла по анкете IQCODE являются фактором риска выраженной СпС в остром периоде ИИ (p &lt; 0,001). Развитие выраженной СпС сопровождалось большим когнитивным дефицитом у пациента (p &lt; 0,05), а также большей нагрузкой на родственников пациента (р &lt; 0,01) через 3 и 6 мес. Факторами риска летального исхода в течение 18 мес после дебюта инсульта явились выраженность СпС более 15 баллов по шкале DRS (ОШ = 3,58; 95% ДИ 1,4–9,19; p = 0,008) и продолжительность СпС более 10 дней (ОШ = 2,56; 95% ДИ 1,03–6,38; p &lt; 0,044). Применение центрального ингибитора холинэстеразы способствовало уменьшению продолжительности СпС (p = 0,015), улучшению когнитивных функций через 3, 6 и 18 мес (p &lt; 0,01), уменьшению нагрузки на родственников пациента через 3 и 6 мес после дебюта инсульта (р &lt; 0,05).</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold><bold>.</bold> СпС в остром периоде ИИ способствует развитию постинсультных когнитивных нарушений и увеличивает нагрузку на родственников пациента. Когнитивные нарушения могут быть скорректированы применением центрального ингибитора холинэстеразы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>delirium</kwd><kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>cognitive decline</kwd><kwd>caregiver burden</kwd><kwd>central acetylcholinesterase inhibitors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спутанность сознания</kwd><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>нагрузка на родственников пациента</kwd><kwd>центральный ингибитор холинэстеразы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>World Health Organization. ICD-10 Classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Diagnostic criteria for research. Geneva; 1993.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed. 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