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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1296</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ACEN.1296</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">OLEKRZ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Depression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: screening using attention bias assessment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Депрессия при боковом амиотрофическом склерозе: скрининг методом оценки предвзятости внимания</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9352-5783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pervushina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Первушина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент каф. неврологии</p></bio><email>ekaterina-pervushina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1001-2024</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutlubaev</surname><given-names>Mansur A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутлубаев</surname><given-names>Мансур Амирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Head, Department of neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, зав. каф. неврологии</p></bio><email>mansur.kutlubaev@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3147-0852</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bikmetova</surname><given-names>Adelina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бикметова</surname><given-names>Аделина Эдуардовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка лечебного факультета</p></bio><email>adelina.bikmetova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4341-8321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Murzakova</surname><given-names>Yulia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурзакова</surname><given-names>Юлия Ильинична</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка лечебного факультета</p></bio><email>murzakova02@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8476-6083</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mendelevich</surname><given-names>Vladimir D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Менделевич</surname><given-names>Владимир Давыдович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head, Department of psychiatry and medical psychology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. каф. психиатрии и медицинской психологии</p></bio><email>mendelevich_vl@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical Universitу</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-24"><day>24</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-15"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Pervushina E.V., Kutlubaev M.A., Bikmetova A.E., Murzakova Y.I., Mendelevich V.D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Первушина Е.В., Кутлубаев М.А., Бикметова А.Э., Мурзакова Ю.И., Менделевич В.Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pervushina E.V., Kutlubaev M.A., Bikmetova A.E., Murzakova Y.I., Mendelevich V.D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Первушина Е.В., Кутлубаев М.А., Бикметова А.Э., Мурзакова Ю.И., Менделевич В.Д.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1296">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1296</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>Depression is highly prevalent in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [9]. Its detection can be challenging, particularly in advanced disease when many patients develop bulbar dysfunction and upper limb muscle weakness. This necessitates objective methods for diagnosing affective disorders in ALS.</p> <p><bold>The study aimed </bold>to evaluate the potential utility of eye-tracking technology for detecting depression in ALS patients using an attention bias assessment.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>The study enrolled ALS patients meeting Gold Coast criteria. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). During eye-tracking sessions, patients viewed a screen displaying pairs of faces — one emotional (sad or happy) and one neutral.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Data from 33 participants were analyzed. Comparative analysis of mean gaze fixation duration showed that ALS patients with depressive symptoms had significantly longer fixation times on sad faces compared to non-depressed patients. HADS depression scores correlated with mean fixation duration on sad (r = 0.421; p = 0.018) and neutral (r = 0.36; p = 0.047) faces. To analyze the interaction of sensitivity and specificity of mean fixation time on sad faces for detecting depressive disorders, ROC analysis was performed. An area under the curve was 0.722 (acceptable value).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>Eye tracking-based attention bias screening assessment shows potential utility for depression detection in ALS. This method may be particularly valuable in advanced disease when patients become immobilized and lose capacity for verbal communication or questionnaire completion [9].</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Депрессия широко распространена при боковом амиотрофическом склерозе (БАС). Её выявление может представлять сложности, особенно на развёрнутых стадиях болезни, когда у многих пациентов развиваются бульбарные нарушения, слабость в мышцах рук. В связи с этим целесообразна разработка объективных методов диагностики аффективных нарушений при БАС.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>работы — оценить потенциальную информативность метода трекинга глаз для выявления депрессии у пациентов с БАС на основе парадигмы предвзятости внимания.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы. </bold>В исследование включались пациенты с БАС по критериям Gold Cost. Для оценки депрессивных жалоб использовалась Госпитальная шкала тревоги и депрессии (HADS). При проведении трекинга глаз пациентам показывали экран, на котором демонстрировали изображения пар лиц, одно из которых было эмоциональным (грустным или радостным), второе — нейтральным.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Проанализированы данные 33 человек. Сравнительный анализ средней длительности фиксации взора на лицах с различными эмоциями показал, что у пациентов с БАС с симптомами депрессии среднее время фиксации на грустных лицах было значимо более длительным, чем у пациентов без депрессии. Выраженность депрессии по HADS коррелировала со средней длительностью фиксации взора на грустных (r = 0,421; p = 0,018) и нейтральных (r = 0,36; p = 0,047) лицах. С целью анализа взаимодействия чувствительности и специфичности среднего времени фиксации на грустном лице для выявления депрессивных нарушений был проведён ROC-анализ. Площадь под кривой составила 0,722 (приемлемое значение).</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Скрининг с использованием трекинга глаз, основанный на парадигме предвзятости внимания, потенциально информативен для выявления депрессии у пациентов с БАС. Использование данной методики будет особенно актуально на развёрнутой стадии болезни, когда пациент обездвижен и не может поддерживать речевой контакт или заполнять бумажные бланки опросников.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</kwd><kwd>motor neuron disease</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>eye tracking</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>боковой амиотрофический склероз</kwd><kwd>болезнь двигательного нейрона</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>трекинг глаз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Pagonabarraga J, Álamo C, Castellanos M, et al. 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