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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1389</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ACEN.1389</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">XZMBKC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and superoxide dismutase in post-stroke trunk control: a clinical correlation study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние концентраций нейротрофического фактора мозга и супероксиддисмутазы на восстановление контроля над мышцами туловища после инсульта: исследование клинических корреляций</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7732-532X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Umar</surname><given-names>Abdulkareem M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Умар</surname><given-names>Абдулкарим Мухаммад</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="MY">Malaysia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD candidate, Department of orthopedics and rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, physiotherapist, Department of human physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>соискатель учёной степени PhD, кафедра ортопедии и реабилитации факультета медицинских наук, специалист по физической реабилитации, отделение физиологии человека</p></bio><email>abdulkareemu54@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6796-2904</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharifudin</surname><given-names>Mohd A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарифудин</surname><given-names>Мохд Арифф</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="MY">Malaysia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.B.B.S., M.Med., Head, Medicine and Healthcare Research Cluster, lecturer, Department of orthopedics and rehabilitation, Faculty of medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>бакалавр медицины и бакалавр хирургии, магистр медицины, руководитель кластера исследований в области медицины и здравоохранения; преподаватель кафедры ортопедии и реабилитации факультета медицинских наук</p></bio><email>dr.ariff.s@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3367-2914</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Raj</surname><given-names>Naresh B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радж</surname><given-names>Нареш  Бхаскар</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="MY">Malaysia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, physiotherapist, lecturer, School of rehabilitation science, Faculty of health sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, специалист по физической реабилитации, преподаватель научной школы реабилитации факультета медицинских наук</p></bio><email>bnaresh@unisza.edu.my</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-7091</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ahmad</surname><given-names>Aisha A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахмад</surname><given-names>Аиша Ахмад</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="NG">Nigeria</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD candidate, physiotherapist, Department of physiotherapy, Faculty of allied health science</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>соискатель учёной степени PhD, специалист по физической реабилитации кафедры физической реабилитации факультета смежных с медициной наук</p></bio><email>aaahmad.pth@buk.edu.ng</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Султана Зайнала Абидина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal University Dutse</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный университет Дуце</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bayero University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Байеро</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-19"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-22"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Umar A.M., Sharifudin M.A., Raj N.B., Ahmad A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Умар А.М., Шарифудин М.А., Радж Н.Б., Ахмад А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Umar A.M., Sharifudin M.A., Raj N.B., Ahmad A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Умар А.М., Шарифудин М.А., Радж Н.Б., Ахмад А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1389">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1389</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold><bold>.</bold> Post-stroke trunk control is crucial for functional recovery; however, its relationship with neuroplasticity and oxidative stress biomarkers remains unclear. This study investigated whether serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels correlate with trunk performance in chronic stroke survivors undergoing rehabilitation.</p> <p><bold>Materials</bold><bold> </bold><bold>and</bold><bold> </bold><bold>methods</bold><bold>.</bold> In this randomized controlled trial, 69 participants (aged 45–85 years, with a minimum of 6 months post-stroke) were randomized into one of four groups: trunk rehabilitation exercises, transcranial direct current stimulation, combined therapy, or conventional therapy (control). Serum BDNF and SOD were measured pre- and post-intervention. Trunk control was assessed using the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), Postural Assessment Stroke Scale (PASS), and Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI). Pearson correlations and group comparisons were analysed.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold><bold>.</bold> BDNF showed moderate positive correlations with PASS (r = 0.368, p &lt; 0.001) and TIS (r = 0.263; p = 0.015), but no association with RMI (p = 0.270). SOD exhibited no significant correlations with any outcome (all p &gt; 0.05). The combined therapy group achieved greater TIS improvements versus controls (Δ = 4.2 ± 1.8 vs. 2.1 ± 1.2; p = 0.030), though biomarker levels did not differ significantly between the groups (BDNF: p = 0.120; SOD: p = 0.450).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold><bold>.</bold> Serum BDNF, but not SOD, may serve as a biomarker for trunk recovery in chronic stroke, supporting its role in neuroplasticity-mediated rehabilitation. The dissociation between functional improvements and biomarker responses suggests complex recovery mechanisms beyond peripheral biochemical changes. These findings highlight BDNF’s potential for stratifying rehabilitation strategies while underscoring the need for further research on temporal biomarker dynamics.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Восстановление контроля над мышцами туловища имеет критическое значение для успешной функциональной реабилитации пациентов, перенёсших инсульт, однако корреляция этого процесса с маркерами нейропластичности и окислительного стресса не изучена. <bold>Цель</bold> исследования — оценка наличия корреляции между концентрацией нейротрофического фактора мозга (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF) и супероксиддисмутазы (СОД) в сыворотке крови и восстановлением контроля над мышцами туловища в рамках реабилитации в позднем восстановительном периоде инсульта.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Пациенты (n = 69) в возрасте 45–85 лет, перенёсшие инсульт не менее чем за 6 мес до начала исследования, были рандомизированы в группы, в которых проводилась реабилитация с выполнением упражнений на укрепление мышц туловища, или транскраниальная стимуляция постоянным током, или комплексная реабилитация, или стандартная реабилитация (контрольная группа). До и после реабилитации у пациентов определяли концентрацию BDNF и СОД в сыворотке крови. Степень восстановления контроля над мышцами туловища оценивали с помощью шкалы нарушения функции туловища (Trunk Impairment Scale, TSI), шкалы постуральной оценки после инсульта (Postural Assessment Stroke Scale, PASS), индекса мобильности Ривермид (Rivermead Mobility Index, RMI). Проводили сравнение групп и анализ корреляций с помощью коэффициента корреляции Пирсона.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Отмечена умеренная положительная корреляция между концентрацией BDNF и оценками по шкале PASS (r = 0,368; p &lt; 0,001) и шкале TIS (r = 0,263; p = 0,015), однако корреляция с RMI отсутствовала (p = 0,270). Значимой корреляции между концентрацией СОД и функциональными показателями не обнаружено. В группе комплексной реабилитации наблюдалось более выраженное улучшение оценки по шкале TIS по сравнению с контрольной группой (Δ = 4,2 ± 1,8 в сравнении с 2,1 ± 1,2; p = 0,030), однако значимых различий в концентрациях биомаркеров между группами не выявлено.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Из двух исследуемых показателей только концентрацию BDNF можно рассматривать в качестве биомаркера опосредованного нейропластичностью восстановления контроля над мышцами туловища в рамках реабилитации в позднем восстановительном периоде инсульта. Улучшение функционального состояния не всегда совпадает с изменением уровней биомаркеров, что указывает на существование сложных механизмов восстановления, которые выходят за рамки сугубо периферических биохимических изменений. Согласно полученным данным, биомаркер BDNF можно использовать для стратификации стратегий реабилитации, однако необходимы дополнительные исследования по изучению динамики изменения уровней биомаркеров.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>brain-derived neurotrophic factor</kwd><kwd>motor skills</kwd><kwd>postural balance</kwd><kwd>stroke rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>superoxide dismutase</kwd><kwd>transcranial direct current stimulation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>нейротрофический фактор мозга</kwd><kwd>моторика</kwd><kwd>постуральный баланс</kwd><kwd>постинсультная реабилитация</kwd><kwd>супероксиддисмутаза</kwd><kwd>транскраниальная стимуляция постоянным током</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Muhammad Umar A, Sharifudin MA, Ahmad AA, Raj NB. 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