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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1419</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ACEN.1419</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">NKBDZM</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Early markers of thrombotic hazard in cerebrovascular diseases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ранние маркеры «тромботической опасности» при цереброваскулярной патологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5883-8119</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tanashyan</surname><given-names>Marine M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Танашян</surname><given-names>Маринэ Мовсесовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Full member of RAS, Deputy Director for Science, Head, 1st Neurological department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, зам. директора по научной работе, руководитель 1-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии</p></bio><email>mazur@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3015-9317</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Roitman</surname><given-names>Eugene V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ройтман</surname><given-names>Евгений Витальевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.), leading researcher, Professor, Department of oncology, hematology and radiation therapy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, в. н. с., профессор каф. онкологии, гематологии и лучевой терапии</p></bio><email>mazur@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-767X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Raskurazhev</surname><given-names>Anton A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раскуражев</surname><given-names>Антон Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher, 1st Neurological department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, с. н. с. 1-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии</p></bio><email>rasckey@live.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3630-6130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Domashenko</surname><given-names>Maksim A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Домашенко</surname><given-names>Максим Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head, Neurology and neurosurgery department, Faculty of fundamental medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. каф. неврологии и нейрохирургии факультета фундаментальной медицины медицинского научно-образовательного института</p></bio><email>mazur@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-0979</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabalina</surname><given-names>Alla A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабалина</surname><given-names>Алла Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher, Head, Laboratory diagnostics department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, в. н. с., рук. отд. лабораторной диагностики</p></bio><email>mazur@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8960-721X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazur</surname><given-names>Andrey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазур</surname><given-names>Андрей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student, 1st Neurological department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант 1-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии</p></bio><email>mazur@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Center of Neurology and Neurosciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский центр неврологии и нейронаук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-03"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-10"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Tanashyan M.M., Roitman E.V., Raskurazhev A.A., Domashenko M.A., Shabalina A.A., Mazur A.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Танашян М.М., Ройтман Е.В., Раскуражев А.А., Домашенко М.А., Шабалина А.А., Мазур А.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tanashyan M.M., Roitman E.V., Raskurazhev A.A., Domashenko M.A., Shabalina A.A., Mazur A.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Танашян М.М., Ройтман Е.В., Раскуражев А.А., Домашенко М.А., Шабалина А.А., Мазур А.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1419">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1419</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is a heterogeneous group of difficult-to-diagnose conditions in which hemorheological and hemostatic disorders significantly impact the risk of ischemic stroke (IS), as well as the prognosis and response to reperfusion therapy and preventive treatment. Laboratory thrombotic hazard markers, such as the thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complex, the plasmin-α2-antiplasmin (PAP) complex, thrombomodulin (TM), and the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)/plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity ratio, have not been adequately evaluated as predictors of different IS subtypes. Their potential role in acute IS has also not been determined.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold><bold> </bold>The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and predictive value of primary thrombotic hazard markers in patients with CVD.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>The retrospective study included 91 patients with acute IS (45% of men; median age: 62 years). At admission, primary clinical parameters were assessed, including a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Laboratory parameters and thrombotic hazard markers were also measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Three IS subtypes included large artery atherosclerosis (LAA)-related IS (n = 32), lacunar IS (n = 27), and hemorheological (small artery occlusion-related) IS (n = 32). The clinical outcomes were evaluated at day 10 using the NIHSS scale. A comparison group included patients with chronic CVD (n = 29; 34% men; median age: 55 years).</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold><bold> </bold>The plasma levels of almost all study biomarkers differed significantly between patients with IS and chronic CVD, as well as between patients with different IS subtypes. Four of six markers (PAI-1, PAP, TAT, t-PA/PAI-1) were significantly associated with IS development, with TAT showing the strongest association (odds ratio: 4.78; 95% confidence interval: 2.70, 9.68). Linear regression models were used to evaluate the predictive value of thrombotic hazard biomarkers for IS outcomes, and TAT showed the most significant association in this case (p &lt; 0.001). An analysis of the differential value of study biomarkers for different IS subtypes showed that PAI-1 was the most sensitive (0.969) marker for LAA-related IS, while t-PA/PAI-1 (0.99) and TAT (0.889) demonstrated high predictive value for lacunar IS.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>Thrombotic hazard markers are a promising laboratory tool for evaluating IS risk and predicting functional outcomes and response to reperfusion therapy in patients with IS.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Цереброваскулярные заболевания (ЦВЗ) — патогенетически гетерогенная и сложная для диагностики группа состояний, при которых нарушения в системах гемореологии и гемостаза играют значимую роль, определяя риск ишемического инсульта (ИИ), его прогноз и ответ на реперфузионную и превентивную терапию. Недостаточно изучены лабораторные маркеры «тромботической опасности»: комплекс тромбин–антитромбин III (TAT), комплекс плазмин–α2-антиплазмин (PAP), тромбомодулин (TM) и соотношение активности тканевого активатора плазминогена (tPA) и его антагониста — ингибитора активатора плазминогена 1-го типа (PAI-1) в качестве предикторов различных патогенетических подтипов ИИ. Не уточнён потенциал их значимости у пациентов в остром периоде ИИ.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>исследования — определение диагностической и прогностической роли основных маркеров «тромботической опасности» у пациентов с ЦВЗ.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>В ретроспективное исследование был включен 91 пациент с ИИ в острейшей стадии (45% — мужчины, медиана возраста — 62 года). В день поступления в стационар были определены базовые клинические (в том числе оценка выраженности неврологических нарушений по шкале NIHSS) и лабораторные показатели, а также вышеперечисленные маркеры «тромботической опасности» с помощью иммуноферментного анализа. ИИ был представлен тремя патогенетическими подтипами: атеротромботическим (n = 32), лакунарным (n = 27) и гемореологическим (n = 32), клинический исход которых оценивали через 10 сут по шкале NIHSS. В качестве группы сравнения были выбраны пациенты с хроническим течением ЦВЗ (n = 29; 34% — мужчины, медиана возраста — 55 лет).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold><bold> </bold>Плазменная концентрация практически всех исследованных биомаркеров значимо отличалась как при сравнении групп пациентов с ИИ и хроническими ЦВЗ, так и у пациентов с разными патогенетическими подтипами ИИ. С развитием ИИ оказались значимо ассоциированными 4 из 6 маркеров (PAI-1, PAP, TAT и отношение активности t-PA/PAI-1), причём по магнитуде связи наибольший вес имел комплекс ТАТ — отношение шансов 4,78 (95% ДИ 2,70–9,68). Потенциальную предикторную роль биомаркеров «тромботической опасности» в отношении исхода ИИ оценивали с помощью моделей линейной регрессии: наиболее значимым оказался также уровень комплекса ТАТ (p &lt; 0,001). Уровень PAI-1 является наиболее чувствительным (0,969) в отношении атеротромботического ИИ, в то время как соотношение активности t-PA/PAI-1 (0,99) и уровень ТАТ (0,889) обладают хорошей предсказательной способностью для лакунарного ИИ.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold><bold> </bold>Расширение лабораторного арсенала маркерами «тромботической опасности» и использование их в качестве панели у пациентов с ИИ — потенциально перспективный инструмент определения риска ИИ, прогнозирования его функционального исхода и, возможно, ответа на реперфузионную терапию.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thrombin–antithrombin III complex</kwd><kwd>plasmin–α2-antiplasmin complex</kwd><kwd>thrombomodulin</kwd><kwd>tissue plasminogen activator</kwd><kwd>plasminogen activator inhibitor-1</kwd><kwd>cerebrovascular</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>комплекс тромбин–антитромбин III</kwd><kwd>комплекс плазмин–α2-антиплазмин</kwd><kwd>тромбомодулин</kwd><kwd>тканевой активатор плазминогена</kwd><kwd>ингибитор активатора плазминогена 1-го типа</kwd><kwd>цереброваскулярные заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Инсульт: инновационные технологии в лечении и профилактике. 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