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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1420</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ACEN.1420</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">EZRMOU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy and neurofilaments</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Химиоиндуцированная полинейропатия и нейрофиламенты</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1796-0193</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhonova</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихонова</surname><given-names>Ольга Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior lecturer, Department of psychiatry and neurosciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ст. преп. кафедры психиатрии и нейронаук</p></bio><email>annaly-nevrologii@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-992X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Druzhinina</surname><given-names>Evgeniia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дружинина</surname><given-names>Евгения Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of neurology neurosurgery and medical genetics named after acad. L.O. Badalyan, Institute of Neurosciences and Neurotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент каф. неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики им. акад. Л.О. Бадаляна Института нейронаук и нейротехнологий</p></bio><email>annaly-nevrologii@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-0867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Druzhinin</surname><given-names>Dmitry S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дружинин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), deputy chief physician for research and innovation, University Clinical Hospital No. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зам. главного врача по научной и инновационной работе Университетской клинической больницы № 3</p></bio><email>annaly-nevrologii@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Балтийский федеральный университет имени Иммануила Канта</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-10"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Tikhonova O.A., Druzhinina E.S., Druzhinin D.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Тихонова О.А., Дружинина Е.С., Дружинин Д.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tikhonova O.A., Druzhinina E.S., Druzhinin D.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тихонова О.А., Дружинина Е.С., Дружинин Д.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1420">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1420</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>Chemotherapy (CT) with platinum and taxane drugs often leads to chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), which significantly impairs patients’ quality of life. CIPN is diagnosed based on symptoms and neurological examination, which underscores the need for objective biomarkers.</p> <p>Promising criteria for peripheral nerve damage are neurofilaments, in particular the light chain (NfL) and peripherin. NfL is released during axonal damage but is not specific to the peripheral nervous system. Peripherin, in contrast, is expressed exclusively in peripheral neurons and is considered a more specific marker; however, its detection is challenging.</p> <p><bold>The aim </bold>of the study<bold> </bold>was to evaluate serum levels of neurofilament and peripherin using the ELISA method in patients with solid tumors undergoing CT.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>The study included 66 patients with newly diagnosed solid tumors before starting CT with platinum or taxanes. Patients with known risk factors for polyneuropathy and those taking medications with neurotoxic effects were excluded. After treatment, 51 patients were examined. Neurological examination with assessment using the NCI-CTCAE and NDS scales, nerve conduction study (SRAR index, amplitude of the sural nerve action potential), and assessment of intraepidermal nerve fiber density were performed. Serum levels of NfL and peripherin were measured using ELISA before and approximately 4.5 months after CT. Preanalytical sample processing was standardized.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> After the CT course all patients showed a significant increase in NfL levels (p &lt; 0.0003). The most pronounced increase in the indicator (~fivefold) was recorded in male patients (p &lt; 0.001) and in the group of patients with malignant neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract (p = 0.001). The concentration of peripherin in all analyzed samples was zero, likely due to the low ELISA sensitivity. In patients with developed CIPN, the NfL level after treatment was significantly higher (p = 0.001); however, no prognostic value for predicting neuropathy was found (AUC = 0.526; p = 0.803). At the same time, a moderate negative correlation was found between the NfL level and the density of intraepidermal nerve fibers (r = –0.416; p = 0.012). No statistically significant association was found between NfL concentration and electrophysiological parameters (SRAR index and sural nerve action potential amplitude).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> NfL is a promising but insufficiently specific biomarker for monitoring patients with CIPN. The absence of a detectable level of peripherin by ELISA limits its clinical application and suggests the use of more sensitive analytical methods.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Химиотерапия (ХТ) препаратами платины и таксанами часто приводит к развитию химиоиндуцированной полинейропатии (ХИПН), которая значительно ухудшает качество жизни пациентов. Диагностика ХИПН основана на симптомах и неврологическом осмотре, что подчёркивает необходимость в объективных биомаркёрах.</p> <p>Перспективными критериями повреждения периферических нервов являются нейрофиламенты, в частности лёгкая цепь (NfL) и периферин. NfL высвобождается при аксональном повреждении, но не специфичен для периферической нервной системы. Периферин, напротив, экспрессируется исключительно в периферических нейронах и считается более специфичным маркером, однако его детекция затруднена.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>исследования — оценить уровни сывороточных нейрофиламента и периферина методом ELISA у пациентов с солидными опухолями на фоне ХТ.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Включено 66 пациентов с впервые диагностированными солидными опухолями перед началом ХТ препаратами платины или таксанов. Исключались пациенты с известными факторами риска развития полинейропатии и приёмом лекарственных препаратов с нейротоксическим действием. После лечения обследован 51 пациент. Проводились неврологический осмотр с оценкой по шкалам NCI-CTCAE и NDS, электромиография (индекс SRAR, амплитуда потенциала действия икроножного нерва), оценка плотности интраэпидермальных нервных волокон. Уровни NfL и периферина в сыворотке измеряли методом ELISA до и через ~4,5 мес после ХТ. Преаналитическая обработка образцов стандартизирована.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> После курса ХТ у всех пациентов наблюдалось значительное повышение уровня NfL (p &lt; 0,0003). Наиболее выраженный рост показателя (~ пятикратный) был зафиксирован у пациентов мужского пола (p &lt; 0,001) и в группе пациентов с локализацией злокачественного новообразования в желудочно-кишечном тракте (p = 0,001). Концентрация периферина во всех проанализированных образцах оказалась нулевой, вероятно из-за низкой чувствительности иммуноферментного анализа. У пациентов с развившейся ХИПН уровень NfL после лечения был достоверно выше (p = 0,001), однако не выявлено прогностической ценности для предсказания развития нейропатии (AUC = 0,526; p = 0,803). При этом обнаружена умеренная отрицательная корреляция между уровнем NfL и плотностью интраэпидермальных нервных волокон (r = –0,416; p = 0,012). Статистически значимой связи между концентрацией NfL и электрофизиологическими параметрами (индекс SRAR и амплитуда потенциала действия икроножного нерва) не установлено.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> NfL является перспективным, но недостаточно специфичным маркером для наблюдения за пациентами с ХИПН. Отсутствие детектируемого уровня периферина методом иммуноферментного анализа ограничивает его применение в клинике и предполагает использование более чувствительных методов анализа.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy</kwd><kwd>cancer</kwd><kwd>biomarker</kwd><kwd>neurofilaments</kwd><kwd>peripherin</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>химиоиндуцированная полинейропатия</kwd><kwd>рак</kwd><kwd>биомаркер</kwd><kwd>нейрофиламенты</kwd><kwd>периферин</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federatio</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Strategic Academic Leadership Program “Priority 2030” of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данная работа поддержана из средств программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет 2030» БФУ им. 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