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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1448</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ACEN.1448</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">AVLRFU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The early hemorrhagic transformation after reperfusion therapy of acute ischemic stroke</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ранняя геморрагическая трансформация инфаркта мозга на фоне реперфузионных методов лечения ишемического инсульта</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3630-6130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Domashenko</surname><given-names>Maksim A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Домашенко</surname><given-names>Максим Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head, Department of neurology and neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. каф. неврологии и нейрохирургии факультета фундаментальной медицины</p></bio><email>mdomashenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0179-2735</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Loskutnikov</surname><given-names>Mark A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лоскутников</surname><given-names>Марк Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Med.), Head, Department of neurology for acute stroke patients, Central Clinical Hospital, chief stroke neurologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. неврологическим отделением для больных ОНМК НСО, главный внештатный ангионевролог</p></bio><email>losmark@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1681-4773</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konstantinov</surname><given-names>Viktor I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Константинов</surname><given-names>Виктор Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head, Department of endovascular diagnostics and treatment methods</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зав. отделением рентгенхирургических методов диагностики и лечения</p></bio><email>bluesbart@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7009-735X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaliautdinova</surname><given-names>Renata Iu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заляутдинова</surname><given-names>Рената Юнусовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>neurologist, 2<sup>nd</sup> Neurology department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог 2-го неврологического отделения</p></bio><email>renatika94@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9086-7842</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnevskii</surname><given-names>Yan V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишневский</surname><given-names>Ян Вадимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>neurologist, 1<sup>st</sup> Neurology department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог 1-го неврологического отделения</p></bio><email>Yanv95@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7682-6672</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maximova</surname><given-names>Marina Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимова</surname><given-names>Марина Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci (Med.), Prof., Head, 2<sup>nd</sup> Neurology department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. 2-м неврологическим отделением</p></bio><email>ncnmaximova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5883-8119</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tanashyan</surname><given-names>Мarine M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Танашян</surname><given-names>Маринэ Мовсесовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Full Member of RAS, Deputy director for scientific research work, Head, 1<sup>st</sup> Neurology department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, заместитель директора по научной работе, зав. 1-м неврологическим отделением Института клинической и профилактической неврологии</p></bio><email>mtanashyan@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Clinical Medical Sanitary Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральная клиническая медико-санитарная часть</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Center of Neurology and Neurosciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский центр неврологии и нейронаук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-16"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-12"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Domashenko M.A., Loskutnikov M.A., Konstantinov V.I., Zaliautdinova R.I., Vishnevskii Y.V., Maximova M.Y., Tanashyan М.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Домашенко М.А., Лоскутников М.А., Константинов В.И., Заляутдинова Р.Ю., Вишневский Я.В., Максимова М.Ю., Танашян М.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Domashenko M.A., Loskutnikov M.A., Konstantinov V.I., Zaliautdinova R.I., Vishnevskii Y.V., Maximova M.Y., Tanashyan М.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Домашенко М.А., Лоскутников М.А., Константинов В.И., Заляутдинова Р.Ю., Вишневский Я.В., Максимова М.Ю., Танашян М.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1448">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1448</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold><bold>. </bold>Intravenous thrombolytic therapy (IVT) and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) are effective in the treatment of patients with ischemic stroke (IS). A frequent complication is hemorrhagic transformation (HT) of cerebral infarction. The relationship between HT and functional outcomes in IS remains controversial.</p> <p><bold>The</bold><bold> </bold><bold>aim</bold><bold> </bold>of the study is to analyze the frequency of early HT following reperfusion therapies and assess its prognostic value in patients with IS in the carotid territory.</p> <p><bold>Materials</bold><bold> </bold><bold>and</bold><bold> </bold><bold>methods</bold><bold>. </bold>The retrospective study included 191 patients (median age 70 [64.5; 77.0] years; 49.8% male) who underwent IVT within 4.5 hours of symptom onset, and 251 patients (median age 66 [58; 73] years; 62.3% male) with IS who underwent EVT within 6 hours. HT was assessed using ECASS II classification on neuroimaging at 48 hours post-stroke; functional outcomes at discharge and at Day 90 were evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold><bold>. </bold>Early HT was observed in 34 (17.8%) IVT patients and 79 (31.5%) EVT patients (p = 0.001). Early HT after both IVT and EVT increased the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes (OR = 3.32 [95% CI 1.44–7.66], p = 0.005 and OR = 2.27 [95% CI 1.31–3.92], p = 0.003, respectively) and mortality (OR = 4.5 [95% CI 1.84–10.99], p &lt; 0.001 and OR = 2.21 [95% CI 1.26–3.86], p = 0.005, respectively) at Day 90 post-stroke. Similar associations were found only for parenchymal hematomas within HT subtypes. For IVT, these trends persisted regardless of thrombolytic agent used; for EVT, only in patients achieving mTICI 2b-3 reperfusion.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold><bold>.</bold> Early HT, particularly parenchymal hematomas, predicts unfavorable outcomes in IS patients undergoing reperfusion treatment. HT in patients achieving optimal recanalization after ET may reflect reperfusion injury.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Системная тромболитическая терапия (ТЛТ) и эндоваскулярная тромбэктомия (ТЭ) эффективны в лечении пациентов с ишемическим инсультом (ИИ). Частым их осложнением является геморрагическая трансформация (ГТ) инфаркта мозга. Взаимосвязь ГТ и функционального исхода ИИ является предметом дискуссий.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>исследования<bold> </bold>— анализ частоты развития ранней ГТ на фоне реперфузионных методов лечения и оценка её прогностического влияния у пациентов с ИИ в каротидном бассейне.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>В ретроспективное исследование был включён 191 пациент (средний возраст 70 [64,5; 77,0] лет; 49,8% мужчин), которым проводилась ТЛТ в первые 4,5 ч заболевания, и 251 больной (средний возраст 66 [58; 73] лет; 62,3% мужчин) с ИИ, которым проводилась ТЭ в первые 6 ч заболевания. ГТ оценивали по классификации ECASS II при проведении нейровизуализации на 2-е сутки ИИ; функциональный исход ИИ при выписке и на 90-е сутки ИИ — по модифицированной шкале Рэнкин.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Ранняя ГТ при ТЛТ и ТЭ зарегистрирована у 34 (17,8%) и 79 (31,5%) пациентов (р = 0,001). Развитие ранней ГТ после ТЛТ и ТЭ повышало вероятность неблагоприятного исхода (соответственно, ОШ = 3,32 (95% ДИ 1,44–7,66); p = 0,005 и ОШ = 2,27 (95% ДИ 1,31–3,92); p = 0,003) и смерти (соответственно, ОШ = 4,5 (95% ДИ 1,84–10,99); p &lt; 0,001 и ОШ = 2,21 (95% ДИ 1,26–3,86); p = 0,005) на 90-е сутки ИИ. В структуре ГТ аналогичные ассоциации выявлялись только в отношении паренхиматозных гематом. При ТЛТ эти тенденции прослеживались вне зависимости от применяемого тромболитика, для ТЭ — только для пациентов, достигших уровня реперфузии mTICI 2b-3.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Ранняя ГТ, в особенности паренхиматозные гематомы, является предиктором неблагоприятного исхода ИИ при выполнении реперфузионных методов лечения. Развитие ГТ у пациентов, достигших оптимальных показателей реканализации после ТЭ, может служить отражением реперфузионного повреждения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>thrombolysis</kwd><kwd>endovascular thrombectomy</kwd><kwd>hemorrhagic transformation</kwd><kwd>reperfusion</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>тромболизис</kwd><kwd>эндоваскулярная тромбэктомия</kwd><kwd>геморрагическая трансформация</kwd><kwd>реперфузионное повреждение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Инсульт: инновационные технологии в лечении и профилактике. Руководство для врачей. 4-е издание / под ред. М.А. Пирадова, М.М. Танашян, М.Ю. Максимовой. М.; 2024. Stroke: innovative technologies in treatment and prevention. A guide for physicians. 4th ed. Piradov MA, Tanashyan MM, Maksimova MYu (eds.). Moscow; 2024. 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