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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1451</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ACEN.1451</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">BRNPXQ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of a synthetic analogue of thyronamine on the levels of molecular markers of focal brain damage in an experimental model</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние синтетического аналога тиронамина на уровни молекулярных маркеров очагового повреждения головного мозга в эксперименте</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4542-6860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filimonov</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филимонов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director for Research, Head, Department of experimental surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, зам. директора по научной работе, зав. отделом экспериментальной хирургии</p></bio><email>neuro.dnmu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3407-5927</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubnikova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубникова</surname><given-names>Надежда Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head, Laboratory of basic research, Department of experimental surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зав. лаб. фундаментальных исследований отд. экспериментальной хирургии</p></bio><email>orenaji3@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6404-2930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kisilenko</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кисиленко</surname><given-names>Ирина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior research associate, Department of experimental surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м. н. с. отд. экспериментальной хирургии</p></bio><email>irinka.dn.15@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3019-144X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belotserkovskaya</surname><given-names>Margarita A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоцерковская</surname><given-names>Маргарита Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior research associate, Department of experimental surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м. н. с. отд. экспериментальной хирургии</p></bio><email>margarita-amb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6827-6033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burtseva</surname><given-names>Anzhelika A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурцева</surname><given-names>Анжелика Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>laboratory assistant, Department of experimental surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант отд. экспериментальной хирургии</p></bio><email>chickis_li@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8829-4839</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glebova</surname><given-names>Albina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глебова</surname><given-names>Альбина Эдуардовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>laboratory assistant, Department of experimental surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант лаборатории фундаментальных исследований отдела экспериментальной хирурги</p></bio><email>aglebova2002a@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7999-8955</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishchenko</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ищенко</surname><given-names>Роман Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, директор</p></bio><email>ishenkorv@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3521-5314</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eresko</surname><given-names>Alexander B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ересько</surname><given-names>Александр Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chem.), senior research associate, Laboratory of neutron physics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук, с. н. с. НЕРА НЭОНИКС Лаборатории нейтронной физики</p></bio><email>a_eresko77@jinr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-6361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Raksha</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ракша</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chem.), senior research associate, Laboratory of neutron physics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук, с. н. с. НЕРА НЭОНИКС Лаборатории нейтронной физики</p></bio><email>a_eresko77@jinr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2291-4776</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Diuba</surname><given-names>Dinara Sh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дюба</surname><given-names>Динара Шамильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior research associate, Academic Secretary</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, с. н. с., ученый секретарь</p></bio><email>doctordinara@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7608-2255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdnikovitch</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердникович</surname><given-names>Елена Семеновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Ped.), senior research associate, Laboratory for the development of high-tech neurorehabilitation devices, Institute of Neurorehabilitation and Restorative Technologies, Head, Psychology and speech therapy group, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. пед. наук, с. н. с. лаборатории по созданию нейрореабилитационных высокотехнологичных устройств Института нейрореабилитации и восстановительных технологий, рук. психолого-логопедической группы Института клинической и профилактической неврологии</p></bio><email>berdnickovitch.elena@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.K. Gusak Institute of Emergency and Reconstructive Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт неотложной и восстановительной хирургии имени В.К. Гусака</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Объединённый институт ядерных исследований</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Сenter of Neurology and Neurosciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский центр неврологии и нейронаук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-18"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-18"><day>18</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Filimonov D.A., Trubnikova N.N., Kisilenko I.A., Belotserkovskaya M.A., Burtseva A.A., Glebova A.E., Ishchenko R.V., Eresko A.B., Raksha E.V., Diuba D.S., Berdnikovitch E.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Филимонов Д.А., Трубникова Н.Н., Кисиленко И.А., Белоцерковская М.А., Бурцева А.А., Глебова А.Э., Ищенко Р.В., Ересько А.Б., Ракша Е.В., Дюба Д.Ш., Бердникович Е.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Filimonov D.A., Trubnikova N.N., Kisilenko I.A., Belotserkovskaya M.A., Burtseva A.A., Glebova A.E., Ishchenko R.V., Eresko A.B., Raksha E.V., Diuba D.S., Berdnikovitch E.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Филимонов Д.А., Трубникова Н.Н., Кисиленко И.А., Белоцерковская М.А., Бурцева А.А., Глебова А.Э., Ищенко Р.В., Ересько А.Б., Ракша Е.В., Дюба Д.Ш., Бердникович Е.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1451">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/1451</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Therapeutic options for ischemic stroke (IS) are largely limited to reperfusion, underscoring the importance of exploring new approaches to neuroprotection and neurorepair. Thyronamines — endogenous derivatives of thyroid hormones — are a promising class of compounds with putative neuroprotective potential.</p> <p><bold>Study aim:</bold> To evaluate the effect of a synthetic thyronamine analog (SA-T0AM) on the levels of brain damage markers in a rat model of experimental IS.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study was performed on 30 male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups: 1) Experimental — induction of focal cerebral cortical ischemia by application of ferric chloride followed by SA-T0AM administration; 2) Control — induction of ischemia without subsequent therapy; 3) Sham operation — all surgical manipulations except application of ferric chloride (0.9% NaCl solution was used); 4) intact animals. On day 3, concentrations of neuroglobin (NGB), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and S100B protein were determined in the cerebral hemisphere tissue by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Induction of ischemia led to a significant increase in the levels of all studied damage biomarkers in both hemispheres. Surgical intervention (craniotomy) caused a nonspecific increase in GFAP, NSE, and BDNF in all operated groups compared to intact animals. The key difference between the Experimental and Control groups was found in the non-ischemic hemisphere: administration of SA-T0AM was associated with a statistically significant increase in NGB content.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The observed selective increase in NGB levels in the contralateral hemisphere following SA-T0AM administration indicates the compound’s ability to activate endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms in response to ischemic injury. This effect may be indirect or it may represent an independent direct action of the agent on neuroglobin expression, which requires further investigation. Although no intergroup differences were found for other brain damage markers (GFAP, NSE, S100B), which may be due to insufficient model sensitivity, the data suggest that further study of SA-T0AM is warranted as a pharmacological postconditioning agent in cerebral ischemia.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Терапевтические возможности при ишемическом инсульте (ИИ) в основном ограничены реперфузией, что определяет важность поиска новых подходов к нейропротекции и нейрорепарации. Перспективным классом соединений с предполагаемым нейропротекторным потенциалом являются тиронамины — эндогенные производные гормонов щитовидной железы.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>исследования — оценить влияние синтетического аналога тиронамина (СА-Т0АМ) на уровень маркеров повреждения головного мозга в условиях экспериментального ИИ у крыс.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Исследование выполнено на 30 крысах-самцах линии Вистар, разделённых на 4 группы: 1) «Опыт» — индукция фокальной ишемии коры головного мозга путём аппликации хлорида железа с последующим введением СА-Т0АМ; 2) «Контроль» — моделирование ишемии без последующей терапии; 3) «Ложная операция» — все хирургические манипуляции, кроме аппликации хлорида железа (использовался 0,9% раствор NaCl); 4) интактные животные. На 3-и сутки методом иммуноферментного анализа в ткани больших полушарий определяли концентрации нейроглобина (NGB), глиального фибриллярного кислого белка (GFAP), мозгового нейротрофического фактора (BDNF), нейроспецифической енолазы (NSE) и белка S100B.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Индукция ишемии приводила к значительному повышению уровней всех исследуемых биомаркеров повреждения в обоих полушариях. Хирургическое вмешательство (трепанация) вызывало неспецифическое повышение GFAP, NSE и BDNF во всех группах, подвергнутых операции, по сравнению с интактными животными. Ключевое различие между группами «Опыт» и «Контроль» выявлено в неишемизированном полушарии: применение СА-Т0АМ сопровождалось статистически значимым увеличением содержания NGB.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Обнаруженное избирательное повышение уровня NGB в контралатеральном полушарии на фоне введения СА-Т0АМ указывает на способность соединения активировать эндогенные нейропротекторные механизмы в ответ на ишемическое повреждение. Данный эффект может быть опосредованным или представлять собой независимое прямое воздействие препарата на экспрессию нейроглобина, что требует дальнейших исследований. Несмотря на то что по другим маркерам повреждения мозга (GFAP, NSE, S100B) межгрупповых различий не выявлено (это может быть связано с недостаточной чувствительностью модели), полученные данные свидетельствуют о перспективности дальнейшего изучения СА-Т0АМ в качестве агента фармакологического посткондиционирования при церебральной ишемии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuroprotection</kwd><kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>thyronamine</kwd><kwd>brain damage markers</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейропротекция</kwd><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>тиронамин</kwd><kwd>маркеры повреждения мозга</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>056-00146-23-00</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 123081000021-2.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации № 123081000021-2.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Mosisa W, Gezehagn Y, Kune G, et al. 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