<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">161</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic161</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Neurological complications in acute leukemia in children</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неврологические осложнения при острой лейкемии у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchugareva</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щугарева</surname><given-names>Л. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>neurodoctor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Iova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иова</surname><given-names>A. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>neurodoctor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>O. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>neurodoctor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boychenko</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойченко</surname><given-names>Э. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>neurodoctor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Garbuzova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гарбузова</surname><given-names>И. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>neurodoctor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stancheva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Станчева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>neurodoctor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondarenko</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондаренко</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>neurodoctor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khutornaya</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хуторная</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>neurodoctor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubarovskaya</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубаровская</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>neurodoctor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБОУ ВПО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Municipal Hospital for Children № 1</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детская городская больница № 1</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Pediatric Hematology and Transplantology named after R.M. Gorbacheva, Saint-Petersburg State Medical University named after I.P. Pavlov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт детской гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета имени акад. И.П. Павлова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-02-01"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2014, Shchugareva L.M., Iova A.S., Ivanova O.V., Boychenko E.G., Garbuzova I.A., Stancheva N.V., Bondarenko S.N., Khutornaya T.A., Zubarovskaya L.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2014, Shchugareva L.M., Iova A.S., Ivanova O.V., Boychenko E.G., Garbuzova I.A., Stancheva N.V., Bondarenko S.N., Khutornaya T.A., Zubarovskaya L.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shchugareva L.M., Iova A.S., Ivanova O.V., Boychenko E.G., Garbuzova I.A., Stancheva N.V., Bondarenko S.N., Khutornaya T.A., Zubarovskaya L.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Shchugareva L.M., Iova A.S., Ivanova O.V., Boychenko E.G., Garbuzova I.A., Stancheva N.V., Bondarenko S.N., Khutornaya T.A., Zubarovskaya L.S.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/161">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/161</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The success of treatment of acute leukemia in children is determined by the biological type of the disdorder, the volume of the tumor mass, extramedullary manifestations and toxic complications resulting from chemotherapy. Analysis of risk factors, clinical data and neuroimaging may help to clarify the cause of the pathology of the central nervous system and to select the optimal method of treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Успешность терапии острой лейкемии (ОЛ) у детей определяется биологическим вариантом заболевания, объемом опухолевой массы, экстрамедуллярными проявлениями и токсическими осложнениями в результате проведения химиотерапии. Анализ факторов риска, клиническое течение и результаты нейровизуализации позволяют уточнить этиологию поражения центральной нервной системы (ЦНС) и выбрать оптимальный вид лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute leukemia</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>neurological complications</kwd><kwd>neuroimaging</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острая лейкемия</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>неврологические осложнения</kwd><kwd>нейровизуализация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Вильчевская Е.В. Поздние осложнения профилактики нейролейкемии для нервной системы детей с острым лимфобластным лейкозом. Укр. журн. гематол. Трансфузiол. 2002; 4: 25–29.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Зильбер Л.А. Об изучении этиологии и иммунологии опухолей. Вопр. онкол. 2005; 2: 148–153.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Чучин М.Ю., Ушакова Л.В. Тромбоз церебральных синусов отогенной природы в практике детского невролога. Педиатрия 2009; 6: 55–60.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Byrd J.C., Edenfield W.J., Shields D.J. et al. Extramedullary myeloid cell tumors in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a clinical review. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13: 1800–1816.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Caruso V., Iacoviello L., Di Castelnuovo A. et al. Thrombotic complications in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a metaanalysis of 17 prospective studies comprising 1752 pediatric patients.Blood 2006; 108: 2216–2222.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Castelli R., Ferrari B., Cortelezzi A. Thromboembolic complications in malignant haematological disorders. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol. 2010; 8: 482–494.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Chamberlain M.C. Leukemia and the nervous system. Medicine Current Oncology Reports. Cancer Neurology in Clinical Practice. 2008. Part VII: 555–565.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Chamberlain M.C. Neoplastic meningitis. Oncologist 2008; 9: 967–977.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Ficek K., Blamek S., Syguła D. et al. Evaluation of the late effects of CNS prophylactic treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Acta Neurochir. Suppl. 2010; 106: 195–197.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Hernández B., Dronda F., Moreno S. Treatment options for AIDS patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 2009; 3: 403–416.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Hopkins T.J., Raducan V., Sioutos N. Lumbar lymphoma presenting as psoas abscess/epidural mass with acute cauda equina syndrome. A case report. Spine 1993; 18: 774–778.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Horowitz N., Brenner B. Thrombophilia and cancer. Pathophysiol. Haemost. Thromb. 2008; 3-4: 131–136.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Ishimori M.L., Pressman B.D., Wallace D.J., Weisman M.H. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: another manifestation of CNS SLE? Lupus 2007; 16: 436–443.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Kobayashi Y., Takahashi S., Mizuno T. et al. Acute promyelocytic leukemia with CNS leukemia – a report of two cases. Gan. No Rinsh. 1988; 34: 1153–1158.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Küker W., Bader P., Herrlinger U. Transient encephalopathy after intrathekal methotrexate chemotherapy: diffusion-weighted MRI. J. Neuro-Oncology 2005; 73: 47–49.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Kun L.E. Leukemias in children. Pediatr. Rad. Oncol. 2007; 7: 15–39.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Kuroda Y., Kosugi M. Clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria and treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Nippon Rinsho 2007; 8: 1501–1505.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Laningham F.H., Kun L.E., Wilburn R.E. et al. Childhood central nervous system leukemia: historical perspectives, current therapy, and acute neurological sequelae. Neuroradiology 2007; 49: 873–888.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Laningham F.H., Kun L.E., Wilburn R.E. et al. Childhood central nervous system leukemia: historical perspectives, current therapy, and acute neurological sequelae. Neuroradiology 2007; 11: 873–888.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Mandrell B.N. The genetic profile and monitoring of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adolescents. J. Pediatr. Nurs. 2009; 24: 173–178.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Mennes M., Stiers P., Vandenbussche E. Attention and information processing in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with chemotherapy only. Pediatr. Blood Cancer 2005; 44: 478–486.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Morris E.B. Laningham F.H., Sandlund J.T., Khan R.B. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in children with cancer. Pediatr. Blood Cancer 2007; 48: 152–159.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Newton H.B., Jolesz F.A. Handbook of neuro-oncology neuroimaging. Elsevier Science &amp; Technology Books, 2007.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Peterson B.A., Brunning R.D., Bloomfield C.D. et al. CNS involvement in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a prospective study of adults in remission. Am. J. Med. 1987; 83: 464–470.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Phipps S., Rai S.N., Leung W.H. et al. Cognitive and academic consequences of stem-cell transplantation in children. J. Clin. Oncol. 2008; 20/26 (12): 2027–2033.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Piatkowska-Jakubas B., Krawczyk-Kuliś M., Giebel S. et al. Use of L-asparaginase in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: recommendations of the Polish Adult Leukemia Group. Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. 2008; 118: 664–669.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Porto L. Kieslich M., Schwabe D. Central nervous system imaging in childhood leukaemia. Eur. J. Cancer 2004; 40: 2082–2090.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Priest J.R., Ramsay N.K., Latchaw R.E. Thrombotic and hemorrhagic strokes complicating early therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer J. Clinicians 2006; 7: 1548–1554.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Priest J.R., Ramsay N.K., Latchaw R.E. Thrombotic and hemorrhagic strokes complicating early therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer J. Clinicians. 2006; 7: 1548–1554.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Pui C.H., Campana D., Pei D. et al. Treating childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia without cranial irradiation. N. Engl. J. Med. 2009; 360: 2730–2741.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Pui C.H., Evans W.E. Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006; 354: 166–178.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Ravandi F., Cortes J., Estrov Z. et al. CD56 expression predicts occurrence of CNS disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk. Res. 2002; 26: 643–649.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Reddick W.E., Laningham F.H., Glass J.O. et al. Quantitative morphologic evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging during and after treatment of childhood leukemia. Neuroradiology 2007; 49: 889–904.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Sagduyu A., Sirin H., Mulayim S. et al. Cerebral cortical and deep venous thrombosis without sinus thrombosis: clinical MRI correlates. Acta Neurol. Scand. 2006; 114: 254–260.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Sandovala C., Kutschera M., Jayabosea S., Tennerb М. Neurotoxicity of intrathecal methotrexate: MR imaging findings. Аm. J. Neuroradiol. 2003; 24: 1887-1890.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Santoro N., Giordano P., Del Vecchio G.C. et al. Ischemic stroke in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a retrospective study. J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 2005; 27: 153-157.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Schmiegelow K., Vestergaard T., Nielsen S. M., Hjalgrim H. Etiology of common childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the adrenal hypothesis. Leukemia 2008; 22: 2137-2141.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Shah R., Bag A.K., Chapman P. R., Curé J.K. Imaging manifestations of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Clin. Radiol. 2010; 65:431-439.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Skoczeń S., Balwierz W., Kroczka S. Late neurological complications after termination of treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Przegl. Lek. 2004; 61 (Suppl. 2): 76-80.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Skoczeń S., Balwierz W., Kroczka S. et al. Late neurological complications after termination of treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Lek. 2004; 61 (Suppl. 2): 76-80.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Skórzewska A., Bidziński A. Changes in hippocampal amino acid concentrations after chronic administration of corticosterone. Pharmacol. Rep. 2007; 59: 763-772.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Stanulla M., Schaffeler E., Arens S. et al. GSTP1 and MDR1 genotypes and central nervous system relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int. J. Hematol. 2005; 81: 39-44.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Steffen-Smith E.A., Wolters P.L., Albert P.S. et al. Detection and characterization of neurotoxicity in cancer patients using proton MR spectroscopy. Childs Nerv. Syst. 2008; 24: 807-813.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Surapaneni U.R., Cortes J.E., Thomas D. et al. Central nervous system relapse in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The best summary of outcome in adult patients with leukemic meningitis treated at a single institution. Cancer 2002; Apr. 16(4): 773-780.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Taub J.W., Ge Y. The prenatal origin of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia Lymphoma 2004; 45: 19-25.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Ulu E.M., Töre H.G., Bayrak A. et al. MRI of central nervous system abnormalities in childhood leukemia. Diagn. Interv. Radiol. 2009; 15: 86-92.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Unal S., Varan A., Yalсin B. Evaluation of thrombotic children with malignancy. Ann. Hematol. 2005; 84: 395-399.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>von der Weid N.X. Adult life after surviving lymphoma in childhood. Support Care Cancer 2008; Apr. 16(4): 339-345.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Won S.C., Han J.W., Choi S.Y., Lyu C.J. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in childhood with hematologic/oncologic diseases. J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 2009; 31: 505-508.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Wong C.S., A. J. Van der Kogel. Mechanisms of radiation injury to the central nervous system: implications for neuroprotection. Mol. Interv. 2004; 4: 273-284.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Yeoh E.J., Ross E., Shurtleff S.A. et al. Classification, subtype discovery, and prediction of outcome in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia by gene expression profiling. Cancer Cell 2002; 1: 133-143.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Zuccoli G., Pipitone N., De Carli N., et al. Acute spinal cord compression due to epidural lipomatosis complicated by an abscess: magnetic resonance and pathology findings. Eur. Spine J. 2010; 19 (Suppl.2): 216-219.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
