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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic17</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Activation of autophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Активация аутофагии в периферических мононуклеарных клетках при боковом амиотрофическом склерозе</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochergin</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочергин</surname><given-names>Иван Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>i.a.kochergin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tukhvatulin</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тухватулин</surname><given-names>A. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>i.a.kochergin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Logunov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логунов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>i.a.kochergin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Maria N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Мария Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>i.a.kochergin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи» МЗ РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-12-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-01-30"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Kochergin I.A., Tukhvatulin A.I., Logunov D.Y., Zakharova M.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Kochergin I.A., Tukhvatulin A.I., Logunov D.Y., Zakharova M.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kochergin I.A., Tukhvatulin A.I., Logunov D.Y., Zakharova M.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Kochergin I.A., Tukhvatulin A.I., Logunov D.Y., Zakharova M.N.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/17">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/17</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Accumulation of intracellular protein aggregates is one of the key processes in pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Autophagy is a complex process during which cell components and organelles are transferred inside lysosomes and are degraded. Autophagy disturbance was found to take place in various neurodegenerative diseases. Autophagy alteration can be observed not only in the central nervous system but also in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Protein LC3 is the key marker of autophagy.<bold>Objective.</bold> To determine protein LC3 concentration in PBMCs of ALS patients and to analyze the relationship between this parameter and clinical characteristics of the disease.<bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study involved 66 patients with definite ALS and 15 healthy volunteers. Past medical history was elicited in all patients; neurological examination and the pulmonary function test were performed. PBMCs were isolated from blood of patients and healthy volunteers. The cells were lysed and subjected to Western blot analysis using anti-LC3 antibodies.<bold>Results.</bold> The LC3-I level in PBMCs of ALS patients was increased compared to that in the control group (p&lt;0.001). The LC3-I/LC3-II level was elevated in patients with the lumbosacral form of ALS (stage II ALS and the slow rate of disease progression). The tendency towards increased LC3-II level was observed for the bulbar form and stage III ALS.<bold>Conclusions.</bold> The results demonstrated for the first time that PBMCs of ALS patients tend to exhibit a higher level of autophagy activity compared to healthy volunteers.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Накопление внутриклеточных белковых агрегатов является одним из ключевых звеньев в патогенезе бокового амиотрофического склероза (БАС). Аутофагия – это сложный процесс, в ходе которого компоненты клетки и органеллы транспортируются внутрь лизосом и подвергаются деградации. Нарушение процессов аутофагии выявлено при различных нейродегенеративных заболеваниях. Изменения аутофагии могут наблюдаться не только в НС, но и в мононуклеарных клетках периферической крови (PBMC). Белок LC3 является основным маркером аутофагии.<bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Определить содержание белка LC3 в PBMC пациентов с БАС, а также провести анализ взаимосвязи между этим параметром и клиническими характеристиками заболевания.<bold>Материал и методы.</bold> В исследование включены 66 пациентов с достоверным диагнозом БАС и 15 здоровых добровольцев. Всем пациентам был проведен сбор анамнеза, неврологический осмотр, оценена функция внешнего дыхания. Из крови пациентов и здоровых доноров выделены PBMC. Полученные клетки лизировали и проводили вестерн-блоттинг с использованием антител к LC3.<bold>Результаты.</bold> Выявлено повышение уровня LC3-I в PBMC у пациентов с БАС по сравнению с контрольной группой (p&lt;0,001). У пациентов с пояснично-крестцовой формой при 2 стадии БАС и медленном темпе прогрессирования заболевания отмечено повышение уровня LC3-I/LC3-II. Тенденция к увеличению уровня LC3-II наблюдалась при бульбарной форме и 3 стадии заболевания.<bold>Заключение.</bold> Результаты исследования впервые выявили, что в PBMC пациентов с БАС имеется тенденция к более высокому уровню активности аутофагии, чем у здоровых добровольцев.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autophagy</kwd><kwd>amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</kwd><kwd>neurodegenerative diseases, biomarkers</kwd><kwd>peripheral blood mononuclear cells</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аутофагия</kwd><kwd>боковой амиотрофический склероз</kwd><kwd>нейродегенеративные заболевания</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>мононуклеарныке клетки периферической крови</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Illarioshkin S.N. 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