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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic18</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immunohistochemical and ultrasonic signs of the disturbance of anti-thrombogenic properties of endothelium in atherosclerosis of the carotid sinus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммуногистохимические и ультраструктурные признаки нарушения атромбогенных свойств эндотелия при атеросклерозе каротидного синуса</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Evdokimenko</surname><given-names>Anna N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евдокименко</surname><given-names>Анна Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>evdokimenko@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulevskaya</surname><given-names>Tatiana S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гулевская</surname><given-names>Татьяна Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>evdokimenko@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5883-8119</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tanashyan</surname><given-names>Marine M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Танашян</surname><given-names>Маринэ Мовсесовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Corresponding member of RAS, Deputy Director for science, Head, 1<sup>st</sup> Neurological department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, зам. директора по научной работе, рук. 1-го неврологического отделения</p></bio><email>evdokimenko@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-12-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-01-30"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2017-02-02"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Evdokimenko A.N., Gulevskaya T.S., Tanashyan M.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Evdokimenko A.N., Gulevskaya T.S., Tanashyan M.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Evdokimenko A.N., Gulevskaya T.S., Tanashyan M.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Evdokimenko A.N., Gulevskaya T.S., Tanashyan M.M.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/18">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/18</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Endothelial dysfunction is currently believed to play a crucial role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, there are only few studies that demonstrate the relationship between changes in parameters of the atherosclerotic process and the main functional properties of endothelium. In addition, the findings are often controversial, which served as an incentive for this study.<bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Thirteen atherosclerotic plaques resected during carotid endarterectomy were subjected to immunochemical and electron microscopy examination. The intensity of expression of the von Willebrand factor, thrombomodulin, and endothelial nitric acid synthase was assessed semi-quantitatively and compared to the main parameters of activity and the course of atherosclerosis in a plaque (volume of atheromatosis, lipophage aggregation, infiltration of the fibrous cap by monocytes and macrophages). Complicated and uncomplicated plaques were also compared.<bold>Results.</bold> The level of von Willebrand factor in the carotid sinus endothelium increased as lipids were accumulated in it and as the fibrous cap was infiltrated by monocytes and macrophages (р&lt;0.017), as opposed to the levels of thrombomodulin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase whose expression did not show the activity of the atherosclerotic process and did not correlate with the level of von Willebrand factor. Meanwhile, the expression of thrombomodulin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase correlated with each other (р=0.004). No difference in staining intensity for all three markers was detected between the complicated and uncomplicated plaques. Ultrasonic analysis of endothelium demonstrated the strongly pronounced disturbance of anti-thrombogenicity of the vascular wall as a result of numerous defects of the endothelial stratum, adhesion of blood cells to the arterial surface causing microthrombi formation and activation of endotheliocytes along with dystrophic changes in them, necrosis, and exfoliation into the vascular lumen.<bold>Conclusions.</bold> The von Willebrand factor is found to have high diagnostic significance in the assessment of activity of the atherosclerotic process in the carotid sinus and the risk of developing complications. Thrombomodulin and endothelial nitric acid synthase are not recommended to be used as biomarkers of progression of atherosclerosis of this localization, since they are not indicative of the intensity of inflammatory response and destructive processes in a plaque.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Эндотелиальной дисфункции в настоящее время отводится ключевая роль в патогенезе атеросклероза. Тем не менее исследования, демонстрирующие зависимость между изменением показателей активности атеросклеротического процесса и основных функциональных свойств эндотелия, единичны, а полученные данные часто противоречивы, что и послужило целью настоящего исследования.<bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведены гистологическое, иммуногистохимическое и электронно-микроскопическое исследования 13 атеросклеротических бляшек, удаленных при операции каротидной эндартерэктомии. Интенсивность экспрессии фактора фон Виллебранда, ТМ и эндотелиальной NO-синтазы оценивали полуколичественным методом и сопоставляли с основными показателями активности течения атеросклероза в бляшке (объем атероматоза, скопления липофагов, инфильтрация покрышки моноцитами и макрофагами). Проводилось также сравнение осложненных и неосложненных бляшек.<bold>Результаты.</bold> Содержание фактора фон Виллебранда в эндотелии каротидного синуса увеличивалось по мере накопления в нем липидов и инфильтрации покрышки моноцитами и макрофагами (р&lt;0,017) в отличие от ТМ и эндотелиальной NO-синтазы, экспрессия которых не отражала активности атеросклеротического процесса и не коррелировала с содержанием фактора фон Виллебранда. При этом показатели экспрессии ТМ и эндотелиальной NO-синтазы коррелировали между собой (р=0,004). Не обнаружено различий интенсивности окраски на все три маркера между осложненными и неосложненными бляшками. Ультраструктурный анализ эндотелия продемонстрировал резко выраженные нарушения атромбогенности сосудистой стенки вследствие многочисленных дефектов эндотелиального пласта, адгезии клеток крови к поверхности артерии с формированием микротромбов и активации эндотелиоцитов наряду с их дистрофическими изменениями, некрозом и слущиванием в просвет сосуда.<bold>Заключение.</bold> Установлена высокая диагностическая значимость фактора фон Виллебранда в оценке активности атеросклеротического процесса в каротидном синусе и риска развития осложнений. ТМ и эндотелиальная NO-синтаза не рекомендуются в качестве биомаркеров прогрессирования атеросклероза данной локализации, поскольку не отражают выраженность воспалительной реакции и деструктивных процессов в бляшке.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endothelial dysfunction</kwd><kwd>atherosclerosis of carotid sinus</kwd><kwd>von Willebrand factor, thrombomodulin</kwd><kwd>endothelial nitric oxide synthase</kwd><kwd>morphological study</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндотелиальная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>атеросклероз каротидного синуса</kwd><kwd>фактор фон Виллебранда</kwd><kwd>тромбомодулин, эндотелиальная NO-синтаза</kwd><kwd>морфологическое исследование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Becker B.F., Heindl B., Kupatt C., Zahler S. Endothelial function and hemostasis. Z Kardiol. 2000; 89(3): 160–167. 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