<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">190</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic190</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Statins and ischemic stroke prevention and treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Статины в профилактике и лечении ишемического инсульта</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5452-2152</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fonyakin</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фонякин</surname><given-names>Андрей Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>neurocor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1253-1082</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Geraskina</surname><given-names>Lyudmila A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гераскина</surname><given-names>Людмила Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>neurocor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-03-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>03</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-02-01"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2014, Fonyakin A.V., Geraskina L.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2014, Fonyakin A.V., Geraskina L.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fonyakin A.V., Geraskina L.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Fonyakin A.V., Geraskina L.A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/190">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/190</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the article on the basis of the literature and results of numerous randomized placebo controlled trials current strategies of statins usage in primary and second prevention are presented. Particular attention is devoted to efficacy and perspectives of statins in acute stroke management. Summary recommendations on the statins usage in stroke prevention and medication have been stated.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье на основании литературных данных, включая результаты крупномасштабных рандомизированных плацебо контролируемых исследований, представлены современные стратегии использования статинов в первичной и вторичной профилактике ишемического инсульта. Отдельное внимание уделено эффективности и перспективным направлениям применения статинов при остром инсульте. На основании обобщенных данных сформулированы рекомендации для назначения статинов с целью профилактики и лечения ишемического инсульта.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>statins</kwd><kwd>prophylaxis</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>статины</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Аронов Д.М., Бубнова М.Г. Плейотропные эффекты статинов на современном этапе их изучения (фокус на аторвастатин). Часть I. Кардиосоматика 2012; 3: 55–63.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Диагностика и коррекция нарушений липидного обмена с целью профилактики и лечения атеросклероза. Клинические рекомендации ВНОК. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика 2009; 8 (6). Приложение 3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Марцевич С.Ю., Кутишенко Н.П. Первичная профилактика сердечно-сосудистых осложнений: роль статинов. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии 2009; 4: 80–84.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Нейропротекция: модели, механизмы, терапия. Под ред. М. Бара; пер. с англ. под ред. В.П. Зыкова, П.Р. Камчатнова. М.:Бином. Лаборатория знаний, 2011: 429.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Очерки ангионеврологии. Под ред. З.А. Суслиной. М.:Издательство «Атмосфера», 2005: 368.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Пирадов М.А. Интенсивная терапия инсульта: взгляд на проблему. Анн. клин. и эксперимент. неврол. 2007; 1: 17–22.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Сусеков А.В., Блохин А.Б., Лугинова З.Г. и др. Статины в профилактике ишемического инсульта. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии 2013; 9: 409–416.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Суслина З.А. Сосудистая патология головного мозга: итоги и перспективы. Анн. клин. и эксперимент. неврол. 2007; 1: 10–16.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Фонякин А.В., Гераскина Л.А., 2012 Профилактика ишемического инсульта. Практические рекомендации. Под ред. З.А. Суслиной. М.: Спецкнига, 2012: 40.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Эффективность и безопасность лекарственной терапии при первичной и вторичной профилактике сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Рекомендации ВНОК, 2011.Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии 2011; 7 (5), приложение: 2–72.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Adams R.J., Chimowitz M.I., Alpert J.S. et al. Coronary risk evaluation in patients with transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the Stroke Council and the Council on Clinical Cardiology of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2003; 34: 2310–2322.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Amarenco P., Goldstein L.B., Szarek M. et al. Effects of intense low density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack. The Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial. Stroke 2007; 38: 3198–3204.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Amarenco P., Labreuche J., Lavallee P., Touboul P.-J. Statin in stroke prevention and carotid atherosclerosis: systematic review and metaanalysis. Stroke 2004; 35: 2902–2909.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Amarenco P., Moscowitz M.A. The dynamics of statins. From event prevention to neuroprotection. Stroke 2006; 37: 294–296.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Amaud C., Vellard N.R., Mach F. et al. Cholesterol-independed effects of statins in inflamation, immunomodulation and atherosclerosis. Curr drug targets cardiovasc haematol disord, 2005; 5: 127–134.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Arboix A., Garcia-Eroles L., Oliveres M. et al. Pretreatment with statins improves early outcome in patients with first-ever ischaemic stroke: a pleiotropic effect of statins or a beneficial effect of hypercholesterolemia? BMS Neurology 2010; 10: 47–54.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Asahi M., Huang Z., Thomas S. et al. Protective effects of statins involving both tNOS and tPA in focal cerebral ischemia. J CerebBlood Flow Metab. 2005; 25: 722-729.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Baigent C., Keech A., Kearney P.M. et al. Cholesterol treatment trialists` (CTT) collaborators. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective metaanalysis of data from 90 056 participants in 14 randomized trials of statins. Lancet 2005; 366: 1267–1278.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Benfante R., Yano K., Hwang L.J. et al. Elevated serum cholesterol is a risk factor for both coronary heart disease and thromboembolic stroke in Hawaiian Japanese men: implications of shared risk. Stroke 1994; 25: 814–820.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Biffi A., Devan W.J., Anderson Ch. D. et al. Statin treatment and functional outcome after ischemic stroke. Stroke 2011; 42: 1314–1319.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Briel M., Studer M., Glass T.R. et al. Effects of statins on stroke prevention in patients with and without coronary heart disease: a metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Med. 2004; 117: 596–606.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Brugts J.J., Yetgin T., Hoeks S. et al. The benefits of statins in people without established cardiovascular disease but with cardiovascular risk factors: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial. BMJ 2009; 338:2376.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Bucher N.C., Griffith L.E., Guyatt G.H. Effect of HMGcoA reductase inhibitors on stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled studies. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128: 89–95.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Cannon C., Braunwald E., McCabe C.H. et al. Intensive versus Moderate Lipid-lowering with statins after Acute Coronary Syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2004; 350: 1495–1504.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Chen J., Zhang Z.G., Li Y. et al. Statins induce angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis after stroke. Ann Neurol. 2003; 53: 743–751.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Chroinin D.N., Asplund K., Asberg S. et al. Statin therapy and outcome after ischemic stroke. Systematic review and meta-analysis of observation studies and randomized trials. Stroke 2013; 44: 448–456.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Collins R., Armitage J., Parish S. et al. for the Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. Effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on stroke and other major vascular events in 20536 people with cerebrovascular disease or other high-risk conditions. Lancet 2004; 363: 757–767.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Delanty N., Vaughan C.J. Vascular effects of statins in stroke. Stroke 1997; 28: 2315–2320.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Downs J.R., Clearfield M., Weis S. et al. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels. Results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air force texas coronary atherosclerosis prevention study. JAMA 1998; 279: 1615–1622.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Flint A.C., Kamel H., Navi B.B. et al. Statin use during ischemic stroke hospitalization is strongly associated with improved poststroke survival. Stroke 2012; 43: 147–154.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Furie K.L., Kasner S.E., Adams R.J. et al. Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. A guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2011; 42: 227–276.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Goldstein L.B., Amarenco P., Zivin J. et al. Statin treatment and stroke outcome in the stroke prevention by aggressive reduction in cholesterol levels (SPARCL) trial. Stroke 2009; 40: 3526–3531.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Goldstein L.B., Bushnell Ch.D., Adams R.J. et al. Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke. A guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2011; 42: 517–584.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Goldstein L.D., Adams R., Alberts M.J. et al. Primary prevention of ischemic stroke. Stroke 2006; 37: 1583–1633.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke from the american heart association. American Stroke Association. Stroke 2013; 44: 870–947.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Hjermann I., Velve Byre K., Holme I., Leren P. Effect of diet and smoking intervention on the incidence of coronary heart disease. Report from the Oslo Study Group of a randomized trial in healthy men. Lancet 1981; 2 (8259): 1303–1310.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Iso H., Jacobs D.R. Jr., Wentworth D. et al. Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350.977 men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial. N Engl J Med. 1989; 320: 904–910.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Kagan A., Popper J.S., Rhoads G.G. Factors related to stroke incidence in Hawaii Japanese men: the Honolulu Heart Study. Stroke 1980; 11: 14–21.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Kargman D.E., Tuck C., Berglund L.F. et al. Elevated high density lipoprotein levels are more important in atherosclerotic ischemic stroke subtypes: the Northen Manhattan Stroke Study. Ann Neurol. 1998; 44:442–443.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Kaste M. Statins in threatened stroke. Stroke 2003; 34: 351–353.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Kawashima S., Yamashita T., Miwa Y. et al. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor has protective effects against stroke events in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke 2003; 34: 157–163.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Laufs U., Gertz K., Huang P. et al. Atorvastatin upregulates type III nitric oxide synthase in thrombocytes, decreases platelet activation, and protects from cerebral ischemia in normocholesterolemic mice. Stroke 2000; 31: 2442–2449.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Law M.R., Wald N.J., Rudnicka A.R. Quantifying effect of statins on low density lipoprotein cholesterol, ischemic heart disease and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br Med J. 2003; 16: 624–629.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Leppala J.M., Virtamo J., Fogelholm R. et al. Different risk factors for different stroke subtypes: association of blood pressure, cholesterol,and antioxidants. Stroke 1999; 30: 2535–2540.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Muir K.W., Lees K.R., Ford I., Davis S. Magnesium for acute stroke (intravenous magnesium efficacy in stroke trial): Randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2004; 363: 439–445.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Mullard A.J., Reeves M.J., Jacobs B.S. et al. Lipid testing and lipid lowering therapy in hospitalized ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack patients: results from a statewide stroke registry. Stroke 2006; 37:44–49.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Oliver M.E. Cholesterol, coronaries, clofibrate and death. N Engl J Med. 1978; 229: 1360–1362.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Ovbiagele B., Saver J.L., Starkman S. et al. Statin enhancement of collateralization in acute stroke. Neurology 2007; 68: 2129–2131.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Plehn J.F., Davis B.R., Sacks F.M. Reduction of stroke incidence after myocardial infarction with pravastatin: The Colesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Study. Circulation 1999; 99: 216–223.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Prospective Studies Collaboration. Cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure and stroke: 13 000 strokes in 450 000 people in 45 prospective cohorts. Lancet 1995; 346: 1647–1653.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Qizilbash N., Jones L., Warlow C. et al. Fibrinogen and lipid concentrations as risk factors for transient ischaemic attacks and minor ischaemic strokes. BMJ 1991; 303: 605–609.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Qizilbash N., Lewington S., Duffy S. et al. Cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure and stroke: 13 000 stroke in 450 000 people in 45 prospective cohorts: Prospective Studies Collaboration. Lancet 1995; 346: 1647–1653.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Ridker P.M., Danielson E., Fonseca F.A. et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359: 2195–2207.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Sacco R.L., Adams R., Albers G. et al. Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Stroke 2006; 37: 577–617.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Study Group.Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian simvastatin survival study (4S). Lancet 1994; 344: 1383–1389.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>Shepherd J., Cobbe S.M., Ford I. et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterinemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1995; 333:1301–1307.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>Shuaib A., Lees K.R., Lyden P. et al. NXY-059 for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2007; 357: 562–571.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Squizzato A., Romualdi E., Dentali F., Ageno W. Statins for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2012; 43: e18–e19.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Taylor F., Huffman M.D., Bacedo A.F. et al. Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cocharane Database Syst Rev 2013; 1: CD004816.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>The Heart Protection Study Coollaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart protection study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 7–22.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>The LIPID Study Group. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med. 1998; 339: 1310–1349.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><label>62.</label><mixed-citation>The SPARCL Investigators. Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) Investigators. High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med. 2006; 355: 549–559.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><label>63.</label><mixed-citation>Tonelli M., Lloyd A., Clement F. et al. Efficacy of statins for primary prevention in people at low cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis. CMAJ 2011; 183: 1189–202.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B64"><label>64.</label><mixed-citation>Wang C.Y., Liu P.Y., Liao J.K. Pleiotropic effects of statin therapy: molecular mechanisms and clinical results. Trends Mol. Med. 2008; 14: 37–44.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B65"><label>65.</label><mixed-citation>Wang Q., Yan J., Chen X. et al. Statins: multiple neuroprotective mechanisms in neurodegerative diseases. Exp Neurol. 2011; 230: 27–34.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B66"><label>66.</label><mixed-citation>Wood W.G., Eckert G.P., Igbavboa U., Muller W.E. Statins and neuroprotection. A prescription to move the field forward. Ann of the New York Acad of Sciences 2010; 1199: 69–76.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B67"><label>67.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang X., Patel A., Horibe H. et al. Cholesterol, coronary heart disease and stroke in the Asia Pacific region. Int J Epidemiol. 2003; 32:563–572.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
