Annals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyAnnals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyАнналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии2075-54732409-2533Eco-Vector23610.17816/psaic236TechnologiesТехнологииUnknownCurrent means for identifying the latent stage of a neurodegenerative processСовременные возможности идентификации латентной стадии нейродегенеративного процессаIllarioshkinSergey N.ИллариошкинСергей Николаевич
Russian Federation
snillario@gmail.comVlassenkoA. G.ВлассенкоA. Г.
United States
snillario@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8070-7644FedotovaEkaterina Yu.ФедотоваЕкатерина Юрьевна
Russian Federation

D. Sci. (Med.), Head of the 5th Neurology department

д.м.н., рук. 5-го неврологического отделения

snillario@gmail.comResearch Center of NeurologyФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»Department of Radiology, Washington University School of MedicineОтделение радиологии медицинского факультета Вашингтонского университета0906201372395002022017Copyright ©; 2013, Illarioshkin S.N., Vlassenko A.G., Fedotova E.Y.Copyright ©; 2013, Illarioshkin S.N., Vlassenko A.G., Fedotova E.Y.2013Illarioshkin S.N., Vlassenko A.G., Fedotova E.Y.Illarioshkin S.N., Vlassenko A.G., Fedotova E.Y.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/236

A characteristic feature of neurodegenerative diseases is the presence of a long-term latent stage, while manifestation of symptoms occurs after 40–60% cells loss in vulnerable neuron populations. Therefore, potential for neuroprotection is maximal just at the latent stage of the process. In this paper, current technologies of presymptomatic diagnosis of the two most common neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’sdisease, are presented. On the basis of our own experience and data from the literature it is shown that neuroimaging methods (identification of beta-amyloid in the brain, or phenomenon of hyperechogenecity of the s.nigra, etc) in combination with a number of neurophysiological and molecular/pathobiochemical tests are principal in revealing persons with high risk of these disorders. Validation of biomarkers under discussion and their integrationinto uniform diagnostic screening algorithms is at present one of the most actual fields of neurology.

Характерной чертой нейродегенеративных заболеваний является существование многолетней латентной стадии, тогда как манифестация симптомов происходит после гибели 40–60% клеток в ранимых нейронных популяциях. Поэтому возможности нейропротекции максимальны именно в латентной стадии процесса. В статье представлены современные технологии пресимптоматической диагностики двух наиболее распространенных нейродегенеративных заболеваний – болезней Альцгеймера и Паркинсона. На основании собственных и литературных данных показано, что ведущими в выявлении лиц, имеющих высокий риск развития указанных заболеваний, являются методы нейровизуализации (идентификация бета-амилоида в головном мозге, феномена гиперэхогенности черной субстанции и др.) в комбинации с рядом нейрофизиологических и молекулярно-патобиохимических тестов. Валидация предлагаемых биомаркеров и их интеграция в единые диагностические скрининговые алгоритмы является на сегодня одним из наиболее актуальных разделов неврологии.

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