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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">244</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic244</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">About astroglia in the brain and pathology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>О роли астроглии в головном мозге в норме и патологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goryaynov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горяйнов</surname><given-names>С. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergey255@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Protsky</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Процкий</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergey255@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Okhotin</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Охотин</surname><given-names>В. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergey255@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergey255@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Revischin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ревищин</surname><given-names>A. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergey255@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Potapov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапов</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergey255@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Burdenko Institute of Neurosurgery, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Институт нейрохирургии им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко» РАМН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Научный центр неврологии» РАМН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Gene Biology, RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Институт биологии гена» РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2013-03-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-02-02"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2013, Goryaynov S.A., Protsky S.V., Okhotin V.E., Pavlova G.V., Revischin A.V., Potapov A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2013, Goryaynov S.A., Protsky S.V., Okhotin V.E., Pavlova G.V., Revischin A.V., Potapov A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Goryaynov S.A., Protsky S.V., Okhotin V.E., Pavlova G.V., Revischin A.V., Potapov A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Goryaynov S.A., Protsky S.V., Okhotin V.E., Pavlova G.V., Revischin A.V., Potapov A.A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/244">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/244</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>More than 140 years astrocytes were described as passive cellular elements of the brain, and their function was limited participation in providing trophic potential of neurons. It was described as doctrine of “neuronism” which supported such famous scientists as H.W. von Waldeyer and S. Ramun y Cajal, who is the author of phrases “each nerve cell – a fully autonomous physiological canton”. During last time we can see a revision of views on the role of astrocytes in the brain. Astrocyte is equal partner of the neuron in such fundamental functions of the brain, as modulation of synaptic transmission, gliotransmission and regulation of microcirculation. Discovery of a new element of glia – NG2 cells, identification of the relationship between neuronal networks and astrocyte syncytium have changed the doctrine of neuronism. New paradigm revises the role of astroglia in the brain in health and disease.</p>  <p> </p> <p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Более 140 лет со времени своего открытия астроциты рассматривались как пассивные клеточные элементы головного мозга, а их основная функция, как предполагали, была ограничена участием в обеспечении трофического потенциала нейронов. Это нашло свое отражение в доктрине «нейронизма», которую на протяжении десятилетий поддерживали такие известные ученые, как H.W. von Waldeyer и S. Ramуn y Cajal, являющийся автором утверждения, что «каждая нервная клетка – полностью автономный физиологический кантон». В последнее десятилетие произошел кардинальный пересмотр взглядов на иерархическое место астроцитов в мозге. Нейробиология выдвинула астроцит на место равноправного партнера нейрона в таких основополагающих функциях мозга, как модуляция синаптической передачи, глиотрансмиссия и регуляция микроциркуляции. Открытие нового элемента глии – NG2 клеток, идентификация взаимосвязей между астроцитарным синцитием и нейрональными сетями привели к значительному расширению и дополнению нейронной доктрины. Новая парадигма заставляет пересмотреть классические представления о роли астроглии в головном мозге в норме и патологии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>astrocyte</kwd><kwd>gliotransmission</kwd><kwd>neurovascular coupling</kwd><kwd>tripartite synapse</kwd><kwd>gliopathology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>астроцит</kwd><kwd>глиотрансмиссия</kwd><kwd>астровазальный каплинг</kwd><kwd>трипартитный синапс</kwd><kwd>глиопатология</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Белецкий В.К. Норма и патология мезоглии. Автореф. дисс. докт. мед. наук, Москва, 1933.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Боголепов Н.Н. 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