<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">247</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic247</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Organization of language network in healthy subjects and its reorganization in patients with poststroke aphasia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Организация нейрональной речевой системы у здоровых лиц и ее реорганизация у пациентов с постинсультной афазией</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3124-2443</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belopasova</surname><given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белопасова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Med.), 3<sup>rd</sup> Neurological department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., н.с. 3-го неврологического отделения</p></bio><email>mastusha@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7491-7215</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadykov</surname><given-names>Albert S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадыков</surname><given-names>Альберт Серафимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, senior researcher, 3rd Neurological department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., г.н.с. 3-го неврологического отделения</p></bio><email>mastusha@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5539-245X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>Rodion N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>Родион Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher, Neuroradiology department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., с.н.с. отд. лучевой диагностики</p></bio><email>mastusha@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9396-6063</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kremneva</surname><given-names>Elena I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кремнева</surname><given-names>Елена Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher, Radiology department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., с.н.с. отд. нейровизуализации</p></bio><email>mastusha@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2013-03-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-02-02"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2013, Belopasova A.V., Kadykov A.S., Konovalov R.N., Kremneva E.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2013, Belopasova A.V., Kadykov A.S., Konovalov R.N., Kremneva E.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belopasova A.V., Kadykov A.S., Konovalov R.N., Kremneva E.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Belopasova A.V., Kadykov A.S., Konovalov R.N., Kremneva E.I.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/247">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/247</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>It’s a traditional belief among neuroscientists that the speech function is located in some strictly definite areas of the left hemisphere: Broca’s area in the rear part of the lower frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 44, or BA44), and Wernicke’s area in the rear part of the upper temporal gyrus (BA22). However, data collected with the contemporary neurovisual research methods, in particular, with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), disprove the localizationist theory of speech. With the specially designed speech task (paradigm) consisted of sentence reading and sentence continuation tests, we researched distribution of speech neuron network in healthy people and its reorganization in patients with different types of aphasia. After processing of control sample data, we noticed activation of classic speech areas (Broca’s and Wernicke’s) and their right hemisphere homologies. However, the amount of activations was predominant in the left hemisphere. We also noticed bilateral activity in lower parts of pre-central (BA4) and post-central (BA1) gyri, in cerebellum hemispheres and in visual cortex (BA17–18). In stroke patients activation in Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas depended on a lesion location. Activation wasn’t registered in case of damage of corresponding region, but it was migrated on perilesional area. We revealed new regions of activity at patients with aphasia, including upper parietal gyrus (BA7), angular and over-marginal gyri (BA39–40). Aforementioned activations were disclosed both in left and right hemispheres. The research shows that the speech paradigm used demonstrates functioning of speech system in the optimal way. The received data will increase understanding of brain structures involved in process of speech and their importance for recovery of damaged speech functions.</p>  <p> </p> <p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В неврологии традиционно считается, что за функцию речи в головном мозге отвечают строго определенные зоны левого полушария: Брока – в задней части нижней лобной извилины (44 поле Бродмана – ПБ) и Вернике – в задней части верхней височной извилины (22 ПБ). Данные современной нейровизуализации, в частности, функциональной магнитно-резонансной томографии (фМРТ), расширяют наши представления о речевой сети в головном мозге. Посредством предложенного нами речевого задания (парадигмы) – чтение и продолжение предложений – исследовалась распространенность нейрональной речевой сети у здоровых людей и ее реорганизация у пациентов с различными видами афазии. При обработке полученных данных в группе нормы отмечалась активация классических речевых зон (Брока и Вернике) и их гомологов в правом полушарии, однако объем левополушарных активаций превалировал. Определялась двусторонняя активация в нижних отделах прецентральной (4 ПБ) и постцентральной извилин (1 ПБ), в полушариях мозжечка и зрительной коре (17–18 ПБ). В группе пациентов наличие активации в речевых зонах Брока и Вернике зависело от локализации инфаркта мозга (ИМ): активация отсутствовала при повреждении соответствующей зоны и смещалась к периферии от зоны ИМ. У больных с афазией выявлены новые области активности мозга, включающие верхнюю теменную дольку (7 ПБ), угловую и надкраевую извилины (39–40 ПБ) и др., как в левом, так и правом полушариях. Проведенное исследование показывает, что используемая парадигма оптимально демонстрирует работу речевой системы. Полученные данные помогут расширить сведения о структурах головного мозга, участвующих в процессе речи, и понять их роль в восстановлении нарушенных речевых функций.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fMRI</kwd><kwd>aphasia</kwd><kwd>speech paradigm</kwd><kwd>stroke</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фМРТ</kwd><kwd>афазия</kwd><kwd>речевая парадигма</kwd><kwd>инсульт</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Кадыков А.С. Адаптация к нарушениям общения. Медицинская реабилитация. Руководство под ред. В.М. Боголепова. Пермь: ПК «Звезда», 1998. Т1: 592–615.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Кадыков А.С., Черникова Л.А., Шахпаронова Н.В. Реабилитация неврологических больных. М: МЕДпресс-информ, 2008.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Коновалова Е.В. Нарушение высших психических функций и состояние мозгового кровотока при подкорковой локализации очагов у больных с сосудистыми заболеваниями мозга. Дис. канд. мед. наук 14.00.13. М.: 2000.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Лурия А.Р. Высшие корковые функции человека. М.: 1962: 431с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Цветкова Л.С. Нейропсихологическая реабилитация больных. 2-е изд. М.: Издательство Московского психолого-социального института 2004.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Шмидт Е.В., Макинский Т.А. Мозговой инсульт, социальные последствия. Журн. невропат. и психиатр. 1979; 9: 1288–1295.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Bersano A., Burgio F., Gattinoni M., Candelise L., PROS II Study Group. Aphasia burden to hospitalized acute stroke patients: need for an early rehabilitation programme. Int. J. Stroke 2009; 4(6): 443–447.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Berthier M.L. Posstroke aphasia: epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment. Drugs Aging. 2005; 22(2): 163–182.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Cao Y., Vikingstad E.M., George K.P. et al. Cortical language activation in stroke patients recovering from aphasia with functional MRI. Stroke 1999; 30: 2331–2340.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Engstrom M., Ragnehed M., Lundberg P., Soderfeldt B. Paradigm design of sensory-motor and language tests in clinical fMRT. Clinical.Neurophysio. 2004; 34: 267–277.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Fernandes B., Cardebat D., Demonet J.-F. et al. Functional MRI follow-up study of language processes in healthy subjects and during recovery in case of aphasia. Stroke 2004; 35: 2171–2176.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Frost J.A., Binder J.R., Springer J.A. et al. Language processing is strongly left lateralized in both sexes. Evidence from functional MRI. Brain 1999; 122 (2): 199–208.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Goodglass H., Kaplan E., Barresi B. The assessment of aphasia and related disorders. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2000.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Henry J.D., Crawford J.R. A meta-analytic review of verbal fluency performance following focal cortical lesions. Neuropsychology 2004;</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>18(2): 284–295.15. Ojemann G.A., Ojemann J.G., Lettich E., Berger M.S. Cortical language localization in left dominant hemisphere. An electrical stimulation mapping investigation in 117 patients. J. Neurosurg. 1989; 71: 316–326.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Sakai K.L., Hashimoto R., Homae F. Sentence processing in the cerebral cortex. Neurosci. Res. 2001; 39: 1–10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Sinai A., Bowers C.W., Crainiceanu C.M. et al. Electrocorticograpfic high gamma activity versus electrical cortical stimulation mapping of naming. Brain 2005; 128: 1556–1570.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Szaflarski J.P., Eaton K., Ball A.L. et al. Poststroke aphasia recovery with functional magnetic resonance imaging and a picture identification task. J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. 2010; 17.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Thulborn K.R., Carpenter P.A., Just M.A. Plasticity of languaderelated brain function during recovery from stroke. Stroke 1999; 30: 749–754.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Toga A., Mazziotta J. Brain mapping: The Systems. San Diego, Calif: Academic Pres., 2000.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Tsouli S., Kyritsis A.P., Tsagalis G. et al. Significance of aphasia after first-ever acute stroke: impact on early and late outcomes. Neuroepidemiology 2009; 33 (2): 96–102.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Tzourio N., Crivello F., Mellet E. et al. Functional anatomy of dominance for speech comprehension in left handlers vs right handlers. Neuroimage 1998; 8 (1): 1–16.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
