Annals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyAnnals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyАнналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии2075-54732409-2533Eco-Vector28610.17816/psaic286TechnologiesТехнологииUnknownInduced pluripotent stem cells: new possibilities in neurobiology and neurotransplantaionИндуцированные плюрипотентные стволовые клетки: новые возможности в нейробиологии и нейротрансплантологииLebedevaO. S.ЛебедеваO. С.
Russian Federation
lebedevaolgasergeevna@gmail.comLagarkovaM. A.ЛагарьковаM. A.
Russian Federation
lebedevaolgasergeevna@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-6282IllarioshkinSergey N.ИллариошкинСергей Николаевич
Russian Federation

D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., RAS Full Member, Deputy Director for Science; Director, Brain Institute

д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, зам. директора по научной работе, директор Института мозга

lebedevaolgasergeevna@gmail.comKhaspekovLeonid G.ХаспековЛеонид Георгиевич
Russian Federation
lebedevaolgasergeevna@gmail.comGrivennikovI. A.ГривенниковИ. A.
Russian Federation
lebedevaolgasergeevna@gmail.comInstitute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут молекулярной генетики РАНVavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут общей генетики им. Н.Н. Вавилова РАНResearch Center of NeurologyФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»1312201154374503022017Copyright ©; 2011, Lebedeva O.S., Lagarkova M.A., Illarioshkin S.N., Khaspekov L.G., Grivennikov I.A.Copyright ©; 2011, Lebedeva O.S., Lagarkova M.A., Illarioshkin S.N., Khaspekov L.G., Grivennikov I.A.2011Lebedeva O.S., Lagarkova M.A., Illarioshkin S.N., Khaspekov L.G., Grivennikov I.A.Lebedeva O.S., Lagarkova M.A., Illarioshkin S.N., Khaspekov L.G., Grivennikov I.A.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/286

The discovery of embryonic stem cells (ES) and methods of ES handling belong to most significant achievements of science in the 20th century. As mammalian ES represent an essentially unlimited source of non-differentiated cells with normal diploid caryotype, they will remain to be an important object in basic research, including neurobiology, although their use for the purposes of practical neurology meets a number of medical and ethical difficulties. Results of last studies open completely new possibilities in the field of cell therapy of severe human disorders. We are talking about reprogramming of somatic cells in mammalians, including humans, into pluripotent stem cells (so called induced pluripotent stem cells, iPS), with their further differentiation to cells of different types. The practical capability of patients’ iPS to be transformed into dopaminergic and other specific neurons of the CNS is shown, that gives to doctors a fundamentally new technology of getting adequate and genetically identical cell material for neurotransplantation in Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and other severe neurodegenerative disorders.

Открытие эмбриональных стволовых клеток (ЭСК) и разработка методов манипулирования с ними относятся к наиболее значимым достижениям науки ХХ века. Поскольку ЭСК млекопитающих представляют собой, по существу, неисчерпаемый источник недифференцированных клеток с нормальным диплоидным кариотипом, они будут оставаться важнейшим объектом для фундаментальных исследований, в т.ч. в нейробиологии, однако их применение для решения задач практической неврологии сталкивается с рядом сложностей медицинского и этического характера. Результаты последних исследований открывают совершенно новые возможности в области клеточной терапии тяжелых болезней человека. Речь идет о репрограммировании соматических клеток млекопитающих, включая человека, в плюрипотентные стволовые клетки (так называемые индуцированные плюрипотентные стволовые клетки – ИПСК), с дальнейшей их дифференцировкой в клетки различных типов. Показана практическая возможность трансформации ИПСК пациентов в дофаминергические и другие специфические нейроны ЦНС, что дает в руки врачей принципиально новую технологию получения адекватного и генетически идентичного клеточного материала для нейротрансплантации при болезнях Паркинсона, Гентингтона и других тяжелых нейродегенеративных заболеваниях.

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