<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">339</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic339</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical analysis</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинический разбор</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Juvenile Huntington’s disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ювенильная болезнь Гентингтона</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudenskaya</surname><given-names>Galina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руденская</surname><given-names>Галина Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rudenskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savvin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саввин</surname><given-names>Д. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rudenskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотов</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rudenskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbatov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбатов</surname><given-names>С. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rudenskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>A. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rudenskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galeeva</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галеева</surname><given-names>Н. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rudenskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр имени Н.П. Бочкова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian State Pediatrics Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская детская клиническая больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Voronezh Genetic Counseling Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Воронежская межобластная медико-генетическая консультация</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center for Medical Genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр имени Н.П. Бочкова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2010-06-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-02-03"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2010, Rudenskaya G.E., Savvin D.A., Fedotov V.P., Kurbatov S.A., Polyakov A.V., Galeeva N.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2010, Rudenskaya G.E., Savvin D.A., Fedotov V.P., Kurbatov S.A., Polyakov A.V., Galeeva N.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rudenskaya G.E., Savvin D.A., Fedotov V.P., Kurbatov S.A., Polyakov A.V., Galeeva N.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Rudenskaya G.E., Savvin D.A., Fedotov V.P., Kurbatov S.A., Polyakov A.V., Galeeva N.M.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/339">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/339</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Juvenile Huntington’s disease (JHD) manifests in 1st–2nd decades of life and accounts for 2–9% of all cases of Huntington’s disease; its pathogenic mechanisms are related to genetic anticipation and imprinting. Typical features of JHD are akinesia and rigidity, and paternal inheritance and huntingtin mutations with particularly large number of CAG repeats (&gt; 60); however, atypical cases exist, and maternal inheritance is possible. We report 6 families with 7 JHD cases confirmed by DNA testing; 4 patients, including two brothers, were clinicallyexamined. Three patients, one of the brothers among them, had an akinetic-rigid form with onset at 7–8 years; in the second brother the disease manifested at 20 years as a hyperkinetic form of the disease without dementia. This patient had mutation with 57 CAG repeats, while in the rest six patients the number ofrepeat copies varied from 63 to 81. All cases were familial, and anticipation in families was evident; in one child with JHD the disease manifested 4–5 years earlier than in the father, and in another family grandfather first noticed symptoms at 60 years, 6years after the JHD onset in his granddaughter. Such cases mask’ dominant inheritance and complicate the diagnosis. Three families showed rare maternal transmission of JHD: one of the affected mothers had JHD, and in two mothers the disease developed at 27–30 years and lasted for 3–9 years. In 4 clinically examined patients, JHD was supposed 7–18 years after its onset which shows underestimation of the disease in practice. JHD should be considered even in seemingly nonfamilial cases, and DNA testing for huntingtin mutations should be used more widely.</p> <p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Ювенильная болезнь Гентингтона (ЮБГ) начинается на первом-втором десятилетиях жизни и составляет 2–9% всех случаев болезни Гентингтона. Механизмы ее формирования связаны с феноменами генетической антиципации и импринтинга. Для ЮБГ характерны преобладание акинетико-ригидного синдрома, наследование от больного отца и мутации гентингтина с особо большим числом тринуклеотидных повторов ЦАГ (&gt; 60); вместе с тем нередки атипичные случаи, возможно материнское наследование. В исследовании представлены семь больных из шести семей, болезнь подтверждена анализом ДНК; четверо больных, включая двух братьев, обследованы клинически. У троих больных, в том числе одного из братьев, была акинетико-ригидная форма с началом в семь-восемь лет; второй брат заболел в 20 лет и имел гиперкинетическую форму болезни без деменции. Этот больной имел мутацию с числом ЦАГ-повторов 57, у остальных шести пациентов число повторов находилось в интервале 63–81. Все наблюдения носят семейный характер, в семьях выражена антиципация; у одного ребенка ЮБГ развилась за четыре–пять лет до начала болезни у отца, в другой семье дед заболел в 60 лет, спустя шесть лет после начала болезни у внучки. Такие случаи маскируют доминантное наследование и затрудняют диагностику. В трех семьях отмечено атипичное наследование ЮБГ от матерей: одна из них страдала ЮБГ, начавшейся в 19 лет, у двух других болезнь началась в 27–30 лет и длилась три-девять лет. У четырех клинически обследованных лиц ЮБГ была заподозрена на 7–18 лет позже появления первых симптомов, что указывает на недоучет ЮБГ на практике. Возможность ЮБГ надо иметь в виду даже в случаях без явной семейной отягощенности и шире включать ДНК-скрининг на болезнь Гентингтона в схему обследования больных.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>juvenile Huntington’s disease</kwd><kwd>huntingtin</kwd><kwd>DNA testing</kwd><kwd>CAG repeats</kwd><kwd>anticipation</kwd><kwd>clinical variability</kwd><kwd>genetic counseling</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ювенильная болезнь Гентингтона</kwd><kwd>гентингтин</kwd><kwd>ДНК-диагностика</kwd><kwd>ЦАГ-повторы</kwd><kwd>антиципация</kwd><kwd>клиническое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>медико-генетическое консультирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Иллариошкин С.Н. Конформационные болезни мозга. М.: Янус-К, 2003.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Клюшников С.А., Иллариошкин С.Н., Иванова-Смоленская И.А. Молекулярный анализ полиглутаминовых заболеваний в России. В кн.: Иллариошкин С.Н., Яхно Н.Н. (ред.). Болезнь Паркинсона и расстройства движений: Руководcтво для врачей по матер. I Национального конгр. М., 2008: 69–75.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Клюшников С.А., Иллариошкин С. Н., Устюжанина Е.К. и др. Агенезия мозолистого тела у пациента с хореей Гентингтона. Атмосфера. Нервные болезни, 2006: 4 (www.atmosphere-ph.ru).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Руденская Г.Е. Наследственные болезни нервной системы в российских и среднеазиатских популяциях: клинико-генетико- эпидемиологическое исследование: Автореф. дис. … докт. мед. наук. М., 1998.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Юдина Г.К., Соловых Н.Н., Шоломов И.И. Клинико-генетическая характеристика наследственных экстрапирамидных заболеваний в Саратовской области. Журн. неврол. и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова 2005; 5: 52–55.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Cannella M., Gellera C., Maglione V. et al. The gender effect in juvenile Huntington disease patients of Italian origin. Am. J. Med. Genet. 2004; 125: 92–98.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Gambardella A., Muglia M., Labate A. et al. Juvenile Huntington’s disease presenting as progressive myoclonic epilepsy. Neurol. 2001; 57: 708–711.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Gayán J., Brocklebank D., Andresen J. et al. Genomewide linkage scan reveals novel loci modifying age of onset of Huntington’s disease in the Venezuelan HD kindreds. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008; 32: 445–453.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Gencik M., Hammans C., Strehl H. et al. Chorea Huntington: a rare case with childhood onset. Neuroped. 2002; 33: 90–92.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Genetic testing in asymptomatic minors: recommendations of the European Society of Human Genetics (ESHG). Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 2009; 17: 720–721.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Kartsaki E., Spanaki C., Tzagournissakis M. et al. Late-onset and typical Huntington disease families from Crete have distinct genetic origins. Int. J. Mol. Med. 2006; 17: 335–346.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Laccone F., Christian W. A recurrent expansion of a maternal allele with 36 CAG repeats causes Huntington disease in two sisters. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2000; 66: 1145–1148.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Landau M., Cannard K. EEG characteristics in juvenile Huntington’s disease: a case report and review of the literature. Epileptic Disord. 2003; 5: 145-148.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Li J., Hayden M., Almqvist E. et al. A genome scan for modifiers of age at onset in Huntington disease: The HD MAPS study. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2003; 73: 682–687.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Liu Y., Shen Y., Li H. et al. Intergeneration CAG expansion in a Wuhan juvenile-onset Huntington disease family. Neurosci. Bull. 2007; 23: 198–202.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Metzger S., Rong J., Nguyen H. et al. Huntingtin-associated protein- 1 is a modifier of the age-at-onset of Huntington’s disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2008; 17: 1137–1146.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Milunsky J., Maher T., Loose B. et al. XL PCR for the detection of large trinucleotide expansions in juvenile Huntington’s disease. Clin. Genet. 2003; 64: 70–73.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Nahhas F., Garbern J., Krajewski K. et al. Juvenile onset Huntington disease resulting from a very large maternal expansion. Am. J. Med. Genet. A. 2005; 137A: 328–331.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Nance M., Mathias-Hagen V., Breningstall G. et al. Analysis of a very large trinucleotide repeat in a patient with juvenile Huntington’s disease. Neurol. 1999; 52: 392–394.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Papapetropoulos S., Lopez-Alberola R., Baumbach L. et al. Case of maternally transmitted juvenile Huntington’s disease with a very large trinucleotide repeat. Mov. Disord. 2005; 20: 1380–1383.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Rasmussen A., Macias R., Yescas P. et al. Huntington disease in children: genotype-phenotype correlation. Neuroped. 2000; 31: 190–194.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Ribaï P., Nguyen K., Hahn-Barma V. et al. Psychiatric and cognitive difficulties as indicators of juvenile Huntington disease onset in 29 patients. Arch. Neurol. 2007; 64: 813–819.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Ruocco H., Lopes-Cendes I., Laurito T. et al. Clinical presentation of juvenile Huntington disease. Arq. Neuropsiquiatr. 2006; 64: 5–9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Sakazume S., Yoshinari S., Oguma E. et al. A patient with early onset Huntington disease and severe cerebellar atrophy. Am. J. Med. Genet. 2009; 149A: 598–601.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Sathasivam K., Amaechi I., Mangiarini L., Bates G. Identification of an HD patient with a (CAG)180 repeat expansion and the propagation of highly expanded CGA-repeats in lambda phage. Hum. Genet. 1997; 99: 692–695.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Schapiro M., Cecil K., Doescher J. et al. MR imaging and spectroscopy in juvenile Huntington disease. Pediatr. Radiol. 2004; 34: 640–643.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Seneca S., Fagnart D., Keymolen K. et al. Early onset Huntington disease: a neuronal degeneration syndrome. Eur. J. Pediatr. 2004; 163: 717–721.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Siesling S., Vegter-van der Vlis M., Roos R. Juvenile Huntington disease in the Netherlands. Pediatr. Neurol. 1997; 17: 37-43.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Taherzadeh-Fard E., Saft C., Andrich J. et al. PGC-1alpha as modifier of onset age in Huntington disease. Mol. Neurodegener. 2009; 4: 10–16.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Tang Y., Wang Y., Yang P. et al. Intergeneration CAG expansion and contraction in a Chinese HD family. Am. J. Med. Genet. 2006; 141B: 242–244.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Ulrich N., Riviello J., Darras B., Donner E. Electroencephalographic correlate of juvenile Huntington disease. J. Child Neurol. 2004; 19: 431–543.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Waugh J., Miller V., Chudnow R., Dowling M. Juvenile Huntington disease exacerbated by methylphenidate: case report. J. Child Neurol. 2008; 23: 807–809.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Wexler N., Lorimer J., Porter J. et al. Venezuelan kindreds reveal that genetic and environmental factors modulate Huntington’s disease age of onset. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004; 101.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Wheeler V., Persichetti F., McNeil S. et al. Factors associated with HD CAG repeat instability in Huntington disease. J. Med. Genet. 2007; 44: 695–701.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Wojaczyńska-Stanek K., Adamek D., Marszał E., Hoffman- Zacharska D. Huntington disease in a 9-year-old boy: clinical course and neuropathologic examination. J. Child Neurol. 2006; 21: 1068–1073.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Xing S., Chen L., Chen X. et al. Excessive blinking as an initial manifestation of juvenile Huntington’s disease. Neurol. Sci. 2008; 29: 275–277.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Yoon G., Kramer J., Zanko A. et al. Speech and language delay are early manifestations of juvenile-onset Huntington disease. Neurol. 2006; 67: 1265–1267.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
