Annals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyAnnals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyАнналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии2075-54732409-2533Eco-Vector40510.17816/psaic405ReviewsОбзорыUnknownCortical reorganization in multiple sclerosisКортикальная реорганизация при рассеянном склерозеZavalishinI. A.ЗавалишинИ. A.
Russian Federation
krotenkova_mrt@mail.ruPeresedovaA. V.ПереседоваA. В.
Russian Federation
krotenkova_mrt@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3820-4554KrotenkovaMarina V.КротенковаМарина Викторовна
Russian Federation

D. Sci. (Med.), Head, Department of radiation diagnostics, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology

д.м.н., зав. отделением лучевой диагностики Института клинической и профилактической неврологии

krotenkova_mrt@mail.ruPugachevaO. V.ПугачеваO. В.
Russian Federation
krotenkova_mrt@mail.ruTrifonovaOlga V.ТрифоноваОльга Васильевна
Russian Federation
krotenkova_mrt@mail.ruResearch Center of NeurologyФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»1406200822283407022017Copyright ©; 2008, Zavalishin I.A., Peresedova A.V., Krotenkova M.V., Pugacheva O.V., Trifonova O.V.Copyright ©; 2008, Zavalishin I.A., Peresedova A.V., Krotenkova M.V., Pugacheva O.V., Trifonova O.V.2008Zavalishin I.A., Peresedova A.V., Krotenkova M.V., Pugacheva O.V., Trifonova O.V.Zavalishin I.A., Peresedova A.V., Krotenkova M.V., Pugacheva O.V., Trifonova O.V.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/405

Functional MRI (fMRI) is a new method promoting the study of brain functions and relationships between physiological activity and anatomical location. At present cortical reorganization is regarded as one of possible factors of recovery or maintenance of function in the presence of irreversible brain damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). Functional cortical changes have been demonstrated in all MS phenotypes using different fMRI paradigms, but the majority of studies were focused on the motor system. It was shown variability of functional reorganization of the motor cortex in MS depending on the stage of the disease. Cortical reorganization plays a role in limiting the impact of structural damage in MS; conversely, failure of these plastic mechanisms may cause irreversible disability upon the disease progression. Future dynamic fMRI studies will allow to access changes of functional brain activity in different disease severity and different extent of regress of MS symptoms. The improvement of cortical adaptive plasticity represents a potentially significant direction of rehabilitation in MS patients.

Функциональная магнитно-резонансная томография (фМРТ) является новым методом, способствующим изучению функций мозга и взаимоотношений между физиологической активностью и анатомической локализацией. В настоящее время реорганизация коры рассматривается как один из возможных факторов, обусловливающих улучшение или поддержание функции в случае необратимого повреждения мозга при рассеянном склерозе (РС). Функциональные кортикальные изменения коры были выявлены при всех фенотипах РС с использованием различных парадигм фМРТ, однако наиболее изучена двигательная система. Показана вариабельность функциональной реорганизации двигательной коры при РС в зависимости от стадии болезни. Кортикальная реорганизация играет роль в ограничении влияния структурных повреждений при РС; напротив, нарушение этих пластических механизмов может обусловливать развитие необратимого неврологического дефицита по мере прогрессирования болезни. Дальнейшие фМРТ-исследования в динамике позволят оценить изменения функциональной активности мозга при различной выраженности неврологического дефицита и различном характере регресса симптомов РС. Улучшение кортикальной адаптивной пластичности представляет собой потенциально значимое направление реабилитации больных РС.

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