Annals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyAnnals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyАнналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии2075-54732409-2533Eco-Vector41910.17816/psaic419ReviewsОбзорыUnknownGlutamate receptors in neuronal and immune system cellsГлутаматные рецепторы в клетках нервной и иммунной системDavydovaO. N.ДавыдоваO. Н.
Russian Federation
platonova@neurology.ruBoldyrevA. A.БолдыревA. A.
Russian Federation
platonova@neurology.ruResearch Center of NeurologyНаучный центр неврологии РАМН1412200714354207022017Copyright ©; 2007, Davydova O.N., Boldyrev A.A.Copyright ©; 2007, Davydova O.N., Boldyrev A.A.2007Davydova O.N., Boldyrev A.A.Davydova O.N., Boldyrev A.A.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/419

The role of glutamatergic system in synaptic transmission and excitotoxicity is well established. Moreover, expression of glutamate receptors in a number of non-neuronal cells, where they may perform specific, as yet unknown functions, becomes evident. While the role of glutamic acid in the non-neuronal cells is not totally understood, this compound can be considered as a specific regulatory molecule not only for the central nervous system. Actually, recent publications demonstrate that glutamate receptors expressed in lymphocytes take part in the processes of their activation. Therefore, within the framework of the well-known paradigm of interaction between nervous and immune systems, glutamate can be regarded as neuroimmune modulator. Glutamate action on the immune cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of different diseases, especially those accompanied by inflammatory reactions and/or increased levels of glutamate in brain and peripheral blood stream.

Роль глутаматных рецепторов в процессах синаптической трансмиссии и экзайтотоксичности достаточно хорошо изучена. Наряду с этим на сегодняшний день становится очевидной экспрессия глутаматных рецепторов в различных типах не нейрональных клеток, где они выполняют иные, зачастую еще неизвестные функции. Несмотря на то, что роль глутаминовой кислоты вне нервной системы пока мало изучена, это соединение можно рассматривать как регуляторную молекулу широкого спектра действия, функции которой не ограничены ЦНС. В частности, недавние исследования показали, что глутаматные рецепторы, экспрессирующиеся в лимфоцитах, участвуют в процессах активации данного типа клеток. В связи с этим в рамках сложившихся представлений о взаимной регуляции иммунной и нервной систем глутамат может рассматриваться как нейроиммуномодулятор. Действие глутамата на иммунокомпетентные клетки может играть важную роль в патогенезе различных заболеваний, в частности, сопровождающихся процессами нейровоспаления и/или повышением уровня глутамата в веществе мозга и периферическом кровотоке.

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