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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">429</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic429</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Histochemical changes of NADPH-diaphorase in Guillain–Barre syndrome</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гистохимия NADPH-диафоразы при синдроме Гийена-Барре</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakharova</surname><given-names>Alla V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахарова</surname><given-names>Алла Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Mpi711@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lozhnikova</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ложникова</surname><given-names>С. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>platonova@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-0392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Piradov</surname><given-names>Michail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирадов</surname><given-names>Михаил Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, профессор, д.м.н., директор</p></bio><email>platonova@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pirogov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирогов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>platonova@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2007-09-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>09</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2007, Sakharova A.V., Lozhnikova S.M., Piradov M.A., Pirogov V.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2007, Sakharova A.V., Lozhnikova S.M., Piradov M.A., Pirogov V.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2007</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sakharova A.V., Lozhnikova S.M., Piradov M.A., Pirogov V.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Sakharova A.V., Lozhnikova S.M., Piradov M.A., Pirogov V.N.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/429">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/429</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The distribution of NADPH-diaphorase activity in peripheral nerve biopsy was studied to evaluate the role of nitric oxide in demyelination. NO is an important inflammatory mediator which appears to exert significant effects in number of demyelinating diseases, and sometimes is established a direct causal link between NO and demyelination. Till now there wasn’t any description for the involvement of nitric oxide in GBS cellular immune reactions. We have studied cellular and subcellular histochemistry of NADPHdiaphorase in GBS. Peripheral nerve biopsy tissues were examined with regard to disease duration, from 6 patients who were 11 to 52 days after onset of symptoms. Tetrazolium method in our modification was used to visualize NADPHdiaphorase reaction in the successive tissue sections on the cellular and ultrastructural levels. We have shown that specific pattern of histochemical reaction was characteristic for each distinct time point of disease duration. Up and downregulation mode of histochemical reaction was different for Schwann cells (SC) and mononuclear inflammatory cells. During demyelination reduced NADPH-diaphorase activity was found in SCs associated with degrading myeline sheath. During remyelination that characterized by proliferation of SCs and enlarge of its cell volume we observed an increase in NADPH-diaphorase reaction that indicated on the rise of the NO production in it. In that activated SCs the intracellular distribution of NADPH-diaphorase is changed. Maximum of reaction intensity was shifted in nucleus. It suggests the appearance of the expressional regulation in SCs, which characteristic for the highoutput iNOS, and directed to increase of NO production The levels of NADPH-diaphorase activity varied in large extend in different recruited macrophages in the same tissue sample. It reflects the cyclic character proper to macrophagal iNOS. Intensive reaction was found in cytoplasm and nuclear envelop of the mononuclear cells, that migrate throw the blood vessel walls where NO may enhancing local nerve blood flow and serve simultaneously as important effector in the clearance of the myelin/axonal debris. High intensive NADPH-diaphorase activity was detected in distinct cytoplasm regions of the macrophage on the territory of the injured myelin sheath. Hyperproduction of nitric oxide and cytotoxic effect may take place in such districts. All this findings suggest that endogenous nitric oxide is involved in pathogenesis of GBS.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Для ряда демиелинизирующих заболеваний доказана вовлеченность в патогенез эндогенного оксида азота (N0). Сведений об участии его в клеточных иммунных реакциях при синдроме Гийена-Барре (СГБ) нет. Мы изучили гистохимию NADPH-диафоразы при синдроме Гийена-Барре на 6 биоптатах периферического нерва в сроки от 11 до 52 дней. Для выявления фермента был применен тетразолиевый метод в нашей модификации, позволяющей на соседних срезах изучать клеточную и субклеточную его локализацию. Мы показали, что каждой изученной стадии патологического процесса в нерве соответствует свой паттерн гистохимической реакции. Динамика нарастания и снижения интенсивности реакции для шванновских клеток (ШК) и иммунокомпетентных клеток (ИКК) оказалась различной. На ранних сроках развития болезни, когда преобладает демиелинизация, в ШК разрушающихся миелиновых волокон наблюдается снижение интенсивности реакции и, соответственно, уровня NO-синтазы /NOS). При ремиелинизации с интенсивной пролиферацией ШК и увеличением объема их цитоплазмы в них нарастает интенсивность NADPH-диафоразной реакции, что свидетельствует об увеличении в них продукции оксида азота. В активированных ШК изменяется субклеточная локализация NADPH-диафоразы. Максимум реакции смещается в ядро, что является признаком включения экспрессионального регулирования, характерного для индуцибельной NOS (iNOS), способной обеспечивать продукцию более высоких уровней N0, необходимых для нужд роста и привлечения макрофагов. В ИКК уровень реакции варьирует в больших пределах, отражая циклический характер, присущий макрофагальной iNOS. Интенсивная реакция обнаруживается в цитоплазме и ядерной мембране моноцитов, мигрирующих через сосудистую стенку, где повышение продукции N0 может способствовать увеличению вазодилятации, облегчать выход макрофагов и обеспечивать сброс продуктов распада в кровоток. При электронной микроскопии на территории разрушающейся миелиновой оболочки в отростках цитоплазмы макрофагов выявляются отдельные локусы с исключительно интенсивной реакцией — возможно, места гиперпродукции N0. Перечиненные факты являются свидетельством того, что в патогенез СГБ вовлечен эндогенный оксид азота.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>GBS</kwd><kwd>n. suralis bioptats</kwd><kwd>NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry</kwd><kwd>electronic histochemistry</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>СГБ</kwd><kwd>биоптаты n. suralis</kwd><kwd>NADPH-диафораза</kwd><kwd>гистохимия</kwd><kwd>электронная гистохимия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ванин А.Ф. Оксид азота – универсальный регулятор биологических процессов. NO-терапия: теоретические аспекты, клинический опыт и проблемы применения экзогенного оксида азота в медицине. Материалы научно-практической конференции 4 – 5 декабря 2001 года. Москва, 2001: 22 –27.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Пирадов. М.А. Синдром Гийена–Барре. 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