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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">433</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic433</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Brain plasticity and modern rehabilitation technologies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пластичность мозга и современные реабилитационные технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernikova</surname><given-names>Lyudmila A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черникова</surname><given-names>Людмила Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>luda_cher44@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Reseach Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2007-06-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>06</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2007, Chernikova L.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2007, Chernikova L.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2007</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chernikova L.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Chernikova L.A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/433">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/433</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Discussed are basic achievements in the studies of neuronal plasticity with the use of modern neuroimaging methods and, first of all, functional MRI. The role of various afferent inputs in these processes is emphasized. Novel neurorehabilitation technologies such as constraintinduced therapy (CI therapy), “LOCOMAT” system, the robotic therapy etc., are considered as the source of intensive goaldirected afferentation. Data concerning the possibility of the use of neuromuscular electrostimulation at the first hours after ischemic stroke are presented. The unique methods of intrapharyngeal electrostimulation in the treatment of dysphagia of different etiologies are discussed. Efficiency of transcranial electrostimulation in central poststroke pain syndrome is described. Data on possibilities of the EMG feedback in training of the precision grip, one of the basic motor hand skills, are presented. The details of learning of different postural tasks using postural sway feedback in patients with poststroke hemiparesis, Parkinson’s disease and spinocerebellar ataxias are discussed. Data on efficiency of alphastimulating training in patients with central poststroke pain syndrome and with clinical prevalence of affective disturbances are presented. Finally, prospects of one of the most interesting novel rehabilitation technologies, the technology based on virtual reality, are discussed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В работе обсуждаются основные достижения в области изучения механизмов нейропластичности с помощью современных методов нейровизуализации и, прежде всего, функциональной МРТ. Подчеркивается роль в этих процессах различных афферентных воздействий. Современные нейрореабилитационные технологии, такие как CIтерапия, система «LOCOMAT», робототерапия и др., рассматриваются как источники усиленной целенаправленной афферентации. Приводятся данные о возможности применения нервномышечной электростимуляции в первые часы после инсульта. Обсуждается уникальная методика внутриглоточной электростимуляции при лечении дисфагий различной этиологии. Приводятся данные об эффективности транскраниальной электростимуляции при лечении центрального постинсультного болевого синдрома. Представлены возможности метода биоуправления, организованного по электромиограмме, при обучении больных точностному схвату – одному из основных двигательных навыков руки. Детально обсуждаются особенности обучения различным постуральным задачам методом биоуправления по статокинезиграмме у больных с постинсультными гемипарезами, болезнью Паркинсона и спиноцеребеллярными атаксиями. Представлены данные об эффективности альфастимулирующего тренинга у больных с центральным постинсультным болевым синдромом с преобладанием в клинической картине аффективных расстройств. В заключение обсуждаются перспективы одной из самых интересных современных реабилитационных технологий – технологии, основанной на виртуальной реальности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuroplasticity</kwd><kwd>afferent inputs</kwd><kwd>novel neurorehabilitation technologies</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейропластичность</kwd><kwd>афферентные воздействия</kwd><kwd>новые реабилитационные технологии</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Гусарова М.В., Черникова Л.А., Ланская Л.Д., Иоффе М.Е. Применение метода биоуправления с обратной связью по электромиограмме при тренировке точностного схвата у больных с постинсультными гемипарезами. В кн.: Медицинская реабилитация пациентов с заболеваниями и повреждениями опорно двигательной и нервной систем. 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