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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">458</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ACEN.2017.1.6158</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immunocytochemical and morphometric changes in astroglial cells in the perifocal zone of the cerebral infarction model</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммуноцитохимические и морфометрические изменения астроглии в перифокальной зоне моделируемого инфаркта мозга</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronkov</surname><given-names>Dmitriy N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронков</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>voronkovdm@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Salnikova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сальникова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>voronkovdm@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khudoerkov</surname><given-names>Rudolf M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Худоерков</surname><given-names>Рудольф Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>voronkovdm@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-05-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>05</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-04-20"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Voronkov D.N., Sal’nikova O.V., Khudoerkov R.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Voronkov D.N., Sal’nikova O.V., Khudoerkov R.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voronkov D.N., Sal’nikova O.V., Khudoerkov R.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voronkov D.N., Sal’nikova O.V., Khudoerkov R.M.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/458">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/458</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The perifocal zone of cerebral infarction contains dying and reactively altered neurons whose fate depends on the type of intracellular interactions and, in particular, on the response of astrocytes partaking both in neuronal damage and neuroprotection. The features of the response of astrocytes to ischemic injury and the role of their activation in gliosis have been studied insufficiently.</p> <p>Objective. To evaluate the changes in astroglia in the perifocal zone of cerebral infarction depending on its reproduction time by immunomorphology and computerassisted morphometry.</p> <p>Materials and methods. Infarction was induced in the left hemisphere of rat brain cortex (n=10) by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Astrocyte distribution and shape were assessed on day 3 and 21 after surgery; localization of gliofibrillar acidic protein (GFAP), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), and glutamine synthetase (GlnS) in the perifocal zone was measured.</p> <p>Results. Astrocyte shape and distribution, as well as GFAP expression, significantly altered depending on time that has passed since the infarction and distance to the injury focus. On day 3, the area occupied by astrocyte processes decreased by 15% of the control value, while increasing by 35% on day 21. Expression of GlnS and AQP4 near the infarction focus decreased on day 3, while opposite changes were observed on day 21. Redistribution of the studied proteins in processes of reactive astrocytes was also detected. Two morphological types of astrocytes were differentiated: the scarring polarized astrocytes, which were characterized by redistribution of marker proteins in processes, and the moderately altered transiently activated ones.</p> <p>Conclusions. Astrocytes were found to be heterogeneous in the perifocal zone of cerebral infarction; a dependence between changes in their structure and function and the distance to the injury focus and time that passed after the infarction was revealed. The scarring and transiently activated astrocytes, which play different roles in remodeling and repair of ischemic neural tissue in the perifocal zone of cerebral infarction, were characterized by immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Введение. Перифокальная зона (ПЗ) инфаркта головного мозга содержит гибнущие и реактивно измененные нейроны, судьба которых зависит от характера межклеточных взаимодействий и, в частности, от реакции астроцитов, участвующих как в повреждении нейронов, так и в нейропротекции. Особенности реакции астроцитов на ишемическое повреждение и значение их активации при глиозе изучены недостаточно.</p> <p>Цель исследования. Методами иммуноморфологии и компьютерной морфометрии оценить изменения астроглии в перифокальной зоне инфаркта мозга в зависимости от сроков его воспроизведения.</p> <p>Материалы и методы. Инфаркт моделировали в левом полушарии коры головного мозга крыс (n=10) окклюзией средней мозговой артерии. Оценивали распределение и форму астроцитов на 3-й и 21-й дни после операции, исследовали локализацию кислого глиофибриллярного белка (GFAP), аквапорина-4 (AQP4) и глутаминсинтетазы (GlnS) в перифокальной зоне.</p> <p>Результаты. Параметры формы, распределение астроцитов и экспрессия GFAP значимо менялись в зависимости от срока и расстояния до очага повреждения. На 3-й день площадь, занимаемая отростками астроцитов, снижалась на 15% от контроля, а на 21-й день – возрастала на 35%. Экспрессия GlnS и AQP4 на 3-й день вблизи очага инфаркта снижалась, а на 21-й день наблюдали противоположные изменения. Также выявили перераспределение исследованных белков в отростках реактивных астроцитов. Выделили два морфологических типа астроцитов: рубец-формирующие поляризованные астроциты, характеризующиеся перераспределением маркерных белков в отростках, и транзиторно-активированные, отличающиеся умеренными изменениями.</p> <p>Заключение. Выявлена гетерогенность астроцитов в ПЗ инфаркта и зависимость их структурно-функциональных изменений от расстояния до очага повреждения и сроков после инфаркта. При помощи иммуногистохимического и морфометрического анализа охарактеризованы рубец-формирующие и транзиторно-активированные астроицты, имеющие разное значение для ремоделирования и репарации ишемизированной нервной ткани в перифокальной зоне инфаркта.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cerebral infarction</kwd><kwd>glial scar</kwd><kwd>astrocytes</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd><kwd>gliofibrillar acidic protein</kwd><kwd>glutamine synthetase</kwd><kwd>aquaporin-4</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфаркт мозга</kwd><kwd>глиальный рубец</kwd><kwd>астроциты</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd><kwd>кислый глиофибриллярный белок</kwd><kwd>глутаминсинтетаза</kwd><kwd>аквапорин-4</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Gusev E.I, Skvortsova V.I. Ishemiya golovnogo mozga. [Brain Ishaemia]. Moscow, Meditsina., 2001. 328 p. 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