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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">459</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ACEN.2017.1.6161</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Technologies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Технологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Novel approaches to assessing the signs of atherosclerotic plaque instability in the carotid arteries</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Новые подходы к оценке признаков нестабильности атеросклеротической бляшки в сонных артериях</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8726-8928</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chechetkin</surname><given-names>Andrey O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чечёткин</surname><given-names>Андрей Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Head, Ultrasound diagnostic laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., зав. лаб. ультразвуковых методов исследования</p></bio><email>andreychechetkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Druina</surname><given-names>Lyudmila D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Друина</surname><given-names>Л. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>andreychechetkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Evdokimenko</surname><given-names>Anna N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евдокименко</surname><given-names>Анна Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>andreychechetkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulevskaya</surname><given-names>Tat'yana S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гулевская</surname><given-names>Татьяна Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>andreychechetkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skrylev</surname><given-names>Sergey I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрылев</surname><given-names>Сергей Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>andreychechetkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5883-8119</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tanashyan</surname><given-names>Marine M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Танашян</surname><given-names>Маринэ Мовсесовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Corresponding member of RAS, Deputy Director for science, Head, 1<sup>st</sup> Neurological department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, зам. директора по научной работе, рук. 1-го неврологического отделения</p></bio><email>andreychechetkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-05-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>05</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-04-20"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Chechetkin A.O., Druina L.D., Evdokimenko A.N., Gulevskaya T.S., Skrylev S.I., Tanashyan M.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Chechetkin A.O., Druina L.D., Evdokimenko A.N., Gulevskaya T.S., Skrylev S.I., Tanashyan M.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chechetkin A.O., Druina L.D., Evdokimenko A.N., Gulevskaya T.S., Skrylev S.I., Tanashyan M.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Chechetkin A.O., Druina L.D., Evdokimenko A.N., Gulevskaya T.S., Skrylev S.I., Tanashyan M.M.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/459">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/459</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Application of contrast agents in vascular untrasonography has become a new direction in noninvasive assessment of signs of atherosclerotic plaque (ASP) instability; the type of plaque neovascularization being the major sign. However, questions regarding the accuracy of the methods for quantitative evaluation of plaque neovascularization are still to be answered.</p> <p>Objective. To evaluate signs of ASP instability in the carotid arteries according to the contrast-enhanced duplex scanning data and to elaborate our own approach to quantitative evaluation of neovascularization.</p> <p>Materials and methods. Twenty-six patients with carotid atherosclerosis who had been subjected to carotid endarterectomy (n=27) followed by morphological plaque verification were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent standard duplex scanning and scanning using contrast agent SonoVue.</p> <p>Results. Neovascularization was revealed in all 27 patients with ASP according to the pathomorphological and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography data. The total number of vessels per cm2 of plaque was 6–51 [21±14/cm2] according to the ultrasonography data and 19–1224 [236±249/cm2] according to the pathomorphological examination. According to the ultrasonography data, the absolute values were close to the density of plaque vessels ≥ 30 μm in diameter determined during pathomorphological examination and did not differ significantly from this value (p = 0.67). The morphology data show that vessels &lt;20 μm in diameter, which constituted up to 96% of all microvessels in ASP, cannot be detected by ultrasonography. In one case, ulceration of the ASP surface was detected only by contrast medium injection. Calcified plaques with different degrees of calcination imposed the greatest difficulties when performing ultrasonic assessment of neovascularization.</p> <p>Conclusions. Contrast-enhanced untrasonography can be used as an informative method to noninvasively detect signs of ASP instability enabling rather accurate assessment of neovascularization at microvessel diameter ≥30 μm. Calcification of ASPs may significantly affect the study results.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Введение. Использование контрастных препаратов при ультразвуковом исследовании сосудов стало новым направлением в неинвазивной оценке признаков нестабильности атеросклеротической бляшки (АСБ), к важнейшим из которых относится характер ее неоваскуляризации. Однако остаются нерешенными вопросы, касающиеся точности методов количественной оценки неоваскуляризации бляшки.</p> <p>Цель исследования. Оценить признаки нестабильности АСБ в сонных артериях по данным дуплексного сканирования с контрастным усилением с разработкой собственного подхода к количественной оценке неоваскуляризации.</p> <p>Материалы и методы. В исследование вошли 26 больных с каротидным атеросклерозом, которым была выполнена каротидная эндартерэктомия (n=27) с последующей морфологической верификацией бляшек. Всем пациентам выполнялось стандартное дуплексное сканирование и сканирование с введением контрастного вещества «Соновью».</p> <p>Результаты. Неоваскуляризация выявлена во всех 27 АСБ по данным патоморфологического и ультразвукового исследования с контрастированием. Общее количество сосудов на 1 см2 бляшки по результатам ультразвукового исследования составило 6–51 [21±14/см2], по результатам патоморфологического исследования – 19–1224 [236±249/см2]. Согласно результатам ультразвукового исследования, абсолютные значения находились вблизи величины плотности сосудов диаметром ≥30 мкм в бляшке, определенной при патоморфологическом исследовании, и значимо от нее не отличались (р=0,67). Сосуды диаметром &lt;20 мкм, составлявшие до 96% от всех микрососудов АСБ по морфологическим данным, при ультразвуковом исследовании не определяются. В одном случае изъязвление поверхности АСБ удалось выявить только после введения контрастного вещества. Наибольшие сложности при ультразвуковой оценке неоваскуляризации представляли бляшки с включением кальция различной степени выраженности.</p> <p>Заключение. Ультразвуковое исследование с контрастированием может быть использовано как информативный метод неинвазивного определения признаков нестабильности АСБ, позволяющий достаточно точно оценивать неоваскуляризацию при диаметре микрососудов ≥30 мкм. Наличие кальция в АСБ может значительно влиять на результаты исследований.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atherosclerosis of carotid arteries</kwd><kwd>atherosclerotic plaque</kwd><kwd>neovascularization</kwd><kwd>contrast-enhanced vascular ultrasonography</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атеросклероз сонных артерий</kwd><kwd>атеросклеротическая бляшка</kwd><kwd>неоваскуляризация</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование сосудов с контрастным усилением</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Tanashyan М.М., Lagoda O.V., Gulevskaya Т.S. et al. [Progressive cerebral atherosclerosis: clinical, biochemical and morphological aspects]. Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology. 2013; 7 (4): 4–9. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Tanashyan М.М., Lagoda O.V. [Carotid atherosclerosis and ischaemic cerebrovascular accidents]. 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