Annals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyAnnals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyАнналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии2075-54732409-2533Eco-Vector47610.17816/ACEN.2017.2.7TechnologiesТехнологииUnknownThe potential of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging for studying the pathophysiology of primary focal dystoniaВозможности метода функциональной магнитно-резонансной томографии покоя в изучении патофизиологии первичной фокальной дистонииSemenovaOlga V.СеменоваОльга В.
Russian Federation
semenovaov@me.comTimerbaevaSofiya L.ТимербаеваСофия Л.
Russian Federation
semenovaov@me.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5539-245XKonovalovRodion N.КоноваловРодион Николаевич
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher, Neuroradiology department

к.м.н., с.н.с. отд. лучевой диагностики

semenovaov@me.comResearch Center of NeurologyФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»06082017112485406082017Copyright ©; 2017, Semenova O.V., Timerbaeva S.L., Konovalov R.N.Copyright ©; 2017, Semenova O.V., Timerbaeva S.L., Konovalov R.N.2017Semenova O.V., Timerbaeva S.L., Konovalov R.N.Semenova O.V., Timerbaeva S.L., Konovalov R.N.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/476

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) assesses the state of low-frequency fluctuations of the BOLD-signal showing spontaneous neuronal activity in different areas of the brain. Hence, R-fMRI allows one to visualize the synchronicity of generation of certain neurophysiological phenomena in different regions of the central nervous system, including the ones being remote from one another, by linking them into a functional network and assessing brain connectivity in normal state and in pathology. This technique has proved itself in the study of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we present the results of using R-fMRI for the most common forms of primary focal dystonia (blepharospasm and cervical dystonia) compared to the data of task-based fMRI and some other neuroimaging technologies such as positron emission tomography and voxel-based morphometry. It has been demonstrated in many studies that R-fMRI allows to assess disturbances in cerebral architecture and complex rearrangements in the neural network in patients with focal dystonia, including those after administration of botulinum toxin. This makes it possible to study more thoroughly the pathophysiological foundations of focal dystonia and the variety of mechanisms of botulinum toxin therapy in patients with these pathologies, including the central (indirect) mechanisms of action of botulinum toxin.

Функциональная магнитно-резонансная томография покоя (фМРТп) оценивает состояние низкочастотных колебаний BOLD-сигнала, отражающих спонтанную нейрональную активность различных отделов головного мозга. Таким образом, фМРТп позволяет визуализировать синхронность генерации определенных нейрофизиологических феноменов со стороны различных, в том числе удаленных друг от друга, отделов центральной нервной системы, связывая их в функциональные сети и оценивая коннективность мозга в норме и при патологии. Данная методика хорошо проявила себя при изучении нейродегенеративных заболеваний. В настоящем обзоре представлены результаты применения фМРТп при наиболее распространенных формах первичной фокальной дистонии (блефароспазм, цервикальная дистония), в сопоставлении с данными нагрузочной фМРТ и некоторых других технологий нейровизуализации (позитронно-эмиссионная томография, воксел-ориентированная морфометрия). В большом числе исследований показано, что фМРТп позволяет оценить нарушения церебральной архитектуры и сложные нейросетевые перестройки у больных с фокальными дистониями, в том числе на фоне применения ботулинического токсина. Это способствует более глубокому изучению патофизиологических основ фокальных дистоний и многообразных механизмов ботулинотерапии при данных заболеваниях, включая центральные (непрямые) механизмы действия ботулотоксина.

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