Annals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyAnnals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyАнналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии2075-54732409-2533Eco-Vector49110.17816/ACEN.2017.3.10ReviewsОбзорыUnknownNeuroanatomic differences of the brain in males and femalesНейроанатомические особенности головного мозга у мужчин и женщинPoluninaAnna G.ПолунинаАнна Геннадьевна
Russian Federation
polunina.ag@gmail.comBryunEvgeniy A.БрюнЕвгений А.
Russian Federation
polunina.ag@gmail.comMoscow Research and Practical Center for Drug AddictionГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московский научно-практический центр наркологии Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»28092017113687528092017Copyright ©; 2017, Polunina A.G., Bryun E.A.Copyright ©; 2017, Polunina A.G., Bryun E.A.2017Polunina A.G., Bryun E.A.Polunina A.G., Bryun E.A.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/491

Gender distribution is an important factor in patient cohorts which may influence the results acquired in studies on pathogenesis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. In all age groups, the mean brain volume is approximately 8–15% larger in males than in females, so the absolute volumes of almost all neuronal and white matter brain structures are larger in males. Several studies showed that body size and brain volumes may influence the results of neuroanatomical studies. In addition, brain maturation rate is faster in females than in males which should be considered as another important contributor to possible inconsistencies in the results of studies of gender effects on neuroanatomy, particularly in cohorts of young patients. Taking those circumstances into account, the most consistent findings in this field demonstrated larger amygdala volume in males in comparison with females, which was applicable to both paediatric and adult populations. Data on gender differences in neuroanatomy of visual and auditory cortical areas seem to be reasonable. Larger relative volumes of limbic and paralimbic cortex in females in comparison with males were consistently found in a range of studies as well. Overall, global and regional hemisphere asymmetry values are more pronounced in males in comparison with females.

Гендерный состав когорт пациентов является важным фактором, способным влиять на результаты исследований патогенеза и методов лечения нейропсихиатрических и психоневрологических расстройств. Во всех возрастных группах cредний объем мозга у мужчин приблизительно на 8 - 15% больше по сравнению с женщинами, соответственно, в среднем у мужчин большими по объёму являются практически все нейрональные и проводниковые структуры мозга. Однако, в ряде исследований было показано, что размер тела и, соответственно, объём мозга также являются важным ко-фактором, определяющим результаты нейроанатомических исследований. Кроме того, процессы созревания нервной системы протекают с большей скоростью у женщин по сравнению с мужчинами, и влияние данного фактора на результаты нейроанатомических исследований значительно выражено в когортах пациентов молодого возраста. При использовании поправки на общий объем мозга

в равных по возрасту когортах, наиболее последовательны данные о большем размере амигдал у мужчин по сравнению с женщинами. Логичны данные о гендерных различиях в нейроанатомической организации зрительного и слухового анализаторов, с большим нейрональным ресурсом первого у мужчин и большим относительным и абсолютным объемом первичной и ассоциативной слуховой (речевой) коры у женщин. Кроме того, в популяциях женщин последовательно регистрируются большие относительные объёмы корковых структур мозга, осуществляющих регуляцию эмоций, по сравнению с мужскими популяциями. В целом, как глобальные, так и региональные показатели межполушарной асимметрии в большей степени выражены у мужчин по сравнению с женщинами.

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