<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">508</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25692/ACEN.2018.1.2</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical-morphological features of hemodynamic strokes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинико-морфологические особенности гемодинамических инсультов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tanashyan</surname><given-names>Marine M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Танашян</surname><given-names>Маринэ Мовсесовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anufriev@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ablyakimov</surname><given-names>Renat E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аблякимов</surname><given-names>Ренат Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anufriev@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulevskaya</surname><given-names>Tat'yana S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гулевская</surname><given-names>Татьяна Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anufriev@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anufriev</surname><given-names>Pavel L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ануфриев</surname><given-names>Павел Лазаревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anufriev@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Evdokimenko</surname><given-names>Anna N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евдокименко</surname><given-names>Анна Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anufriev@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-03-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-03-25"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Tanashyan M.M., Ablyakimov R.E., Gulevskaya T.S., Anufriev P.L., Evdokimenko A.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Tanashyan M.M., Ablyakimov R.E., Gulevskaya T.S., Anufriev P.L., Evdokimenko A.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tanashyan M.M., Ablyakimov R.E., Gulevskaya T.S., Anufriev P.L., Evdokimenko A.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Tanashyan M.M., Ablyakimov R.E., Gulevskaya T.S., Anufriev P.L., Evdokimenko A.N.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/508">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/508</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> An important objective of neurology is to clarify the pathogenesis of ischemic strokes and the diagnostic distinction of their pathogenetic subtypes that determines the possibility of targeted treatment and adequate prevention of strokes.<bold>Objective:</bold> Definition of clinical and morphological features of the hemodynamic subtype of ischemic stroke.<bold>Materials and methods.</bold> A clinical-pathological comparison in 32 cases of hemodynamic strokes.<bold>Results.</bold> It was established that hemodynamic strokes were caused by the presence of factors reducing systemic and cerebral hemodynamics in combination with tandem atherostenosis of carotid arteries (40% of strokes) and vertebrobasilar arteries (43%), and, occasionally, stenosis of both brain arterial systems or isolated cerebral arterial stenosis (10% and 7%, respectively). The severity of tandem stenosis on the side of the cerebral infarction ranged from 50% to 90%, and some strokes developed with minimal stenosis of each of the vessels. Eighty eight percent of strokes developed in patients having combination of stenosis on the side of the infarction with significant contralateral stenosis. In 43% of strokes, single or multiple small-sized cortical or medium-sized cortical-subcortical infarctions in areas of adjacent blood supply of cerebral hemispheres, as well as lacunar or medium-sized infarctions in the white matter of the hemispheres were seen. Thirty nine percent of strokes were associated with infarctions in the areas of adjacent blood supply of the cerebellar and the brainstem arteries. Eighty percent of cases were associated with atypical for this stroke subtype large-sized and medium-sized cortical-subcortical infarctions outside the areas of adjacent blood supply, resulting from inability to compensate cerebral blood supply deficiency through arterial anastomoses because of severe insi- and contralateral stenoses.<bold>Conclusions. </bold>Our clinical-pathological comparisons confirmed the previously established differential diagnostic criteria of hemodynamic strokes and, in addition, showed some specific features of their realization.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Важной задачей неврологии является уточнение патогенеза ишемических инсультов и диагностической обособленности их патогенетических подтипов, что определяет возможность целенаправленного лечения и адекватной профилактики инсультов.<bold>Цель исследования. </bold>Определение клинических и морфологических особенностей ишемических инсультов гемодинамического подтипа.<bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведено клинико-патологоанатомическое сопоставление в 32 случаях с гемодинамическими инсультами.<bold>Результаты.</bold> Установлено, что гемодинамические инсульты обусловливались наличием в их дебюте факторов редукции системной и, соответственно, церебральной гемодинамики в сочетании с тандемным атеростенозом артерий каротидной системы (40% инсультов) и вертебробазилярной системы (43%), реже – стенозом обеих артериальных систем мозга или изолированным церебральным артериальным стенозом (10% и 7% соответственно).Степень выраженности тандемного стеноза на стороне инфаркта мозга колебалась от 50% до 90%, причем некоторые инсульты развивались при минимальной выраженности сужения каждого из сосудов. 88% инсультов развились в условиях сочетания стенозов на стороне инфаркта со значительными контрлатеральными стенозами. 43% инсультов возникли при одиночных или множественных малых корковых или средних корково-подкорковых инфарктах в зонах смежного кровоснабжения полушарий мозга, а также при лакунарных или средних инфарктах в белом веществе полушарий. 39% инсультов были связаны с инфарктами в области смежного кровоснабжения артерий мозжечка и ствола мозга, 18% – с нетипичными для этого подтипа инсульта большими и средними корково-подкорковыми инфарктами вне зон смежного кровоснабжения, которые возникли в условиях невозможности компенсации недостаточности кровоснабжения мозга посредством артериальных анастомозов в связи с резкими стенозами артерий как на стороне инфаркта, так и контрлатеральных.<bold>Заключение.</bold> В результате клинико-патологоанатомического сопоставления подтверждены ранее установленные дифференциально-диагностические признаки гемодинамических инсультов и, вместе с тем, отмечены некоторые особенности их реализации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>hemodynamic subtype</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>гемодинамический подтип</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nam H.S., Kim H.C., Kim Y.D. et al. Long-term mortality in patients with stroke of undetermined etiology. Stroke. 2012; 43: 2948- 2956. DOI: 10.1161/ STROKEAHA.112.661074. PMID: 22933583.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nam H.S., Kim H.C., Kim Y.D. et al. Long-term mortality in patients with stroke of undetermined etiology. Stroke. 2012; 43: 2948–2956. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.661074. PMID: 22933583.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith E.E., Saposnik G., Biessels G.J. et al. Prevention of stroke in patients with silent cerebrovascular disease: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2017; 48: 134–140. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000116. PMID: 27980126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith E.E., Saposnik G., Biessels G.J. et al. Prevention of stroke in patients with silent cerebrovascular disease: a scientific statement for healthcare profes-sionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2017; 48: 134–140. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000116. PMID: 27980126.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Adams H.P., Bendixen B.H., Kappelle L.J. et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke. 1993; 24: 35–41. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.24.1.35. PMID: 7678184.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Touboul P., Elbaz A., Koller C. et al. GÉNIC Investigators: Common carotid artery intima-media thickness and ischemic stroke subtypes: the GÉNIC case-control study. Circulation. 2000; 102: 313–318. DOI: 10.1161/01. CIR.102.3.313. PMID: 10899095.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Touboul P., Elbaz A., Koller C. et al. GÉNIC Investigators: Common carotid artery intima-media thickness and ischemic stroke subtypes: the GÉNIC case-control study. Circulation. 2000; 102: 313–318. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.102.3.313. PMID: 10899095.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suslina Z.A., Gulevskaya T.S., Maksimova M.Yu., Morgunov V.A. Narusheniya mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniya: diagnostika, lechenie, profilaktika [Cerebrovascular diseases: diagnosis, treatment, prevention]. Moscow: MEDpress-inform, 2016. 536 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Суслина З.А., Гулевская Т.С., Максимова М.Ю. и др. Нарушения мозгового кровообращения: диагностика, лечение, профилактика. М.: МЕД-прессинформ, 2016. 536 c.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Ay H., Benner T., Arsava E.M. et al. A computerized algorithm for etiologic classification of ischemic stroke: The Causative Classification of Stroke System. Stroke. 2007; 38: 2979–2984. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.490896. PMID: 17901381.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Amarenco P., Bogousslavsky J., Caplan L.R. et al. The ASCOD Phenotyping of Ischemic Stroke (Updated ASCO Phenotyping). Cerebrovasc. Dis. 2013; 36: 1–5. DOI: 10.1159/000352050. PMID: 23899749.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao S., Wang Y.J., Xu A.D. et al. Chinese ischemic stroke subclassification. Front. Neurol. 2011; 2: 1–5. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2011.00006. PMID: 21427797.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao S., Wang Y.J., Xu A.D. et al. Chinese ischemic stroke subclassification. Front. Neurol. 2011; 2: 1-5. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2011.00006. PMID: 21427797.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Bogiatzi C., Wannarong T., McLeod A.I. et al. SPARKLE (Subtypes of Ischaemic Stroke Classification System), Incorporating Measurement of Carotid Plaque Burden: A New Validated Tool for the Classification of Ischemic Stroke Subtypes. Neuroepidemiology 2014; 42: 243–251. DOI: 10.1159/000362417. PMID: 24862944.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gulevskaya T.S., Morgunov V.A. Patologicheskaya anatomiya narushenii mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniya pri ateroskleroze i arterial'noi gipertonii [Pathological anatomy of cerebral circulation disorders in atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension]. Moscow: Meditsina Publ., 2009. 296 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гулевская Т.С., Моргунов В.А. Патологическая анатомия нарушений мозгового кровообращения при атеросклерозе и артериальной гипертонии. М.: Медицина; 2009. 296 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klijn C.J., Kappelle L.J. Haemodynamic stroke: clinical features, prognosis, and management. Lancet Neurol. 2010; 9: 1008–1017. DOI: 10.1016/S1474- 4422(10)70185-X. PMID: 20864053.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klijn C.J., Kappelle L.J. Haemodynamic stroke: clinical features, prognosis, and management. Lancet Neurol. 2010; 9: 1008–1017. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70185-X. PMID: 20864053.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Momjian-Mayor I., Baron J.C. The pathophysiology of watershed infarction in internal carotid artery disease: review of cerebral perfusion studies. Stroke. 2005; 36: 567–577. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000155727.82242.e1. PMID: 15692123.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vereshchagin N.V., Suslina Z.A. [Modern concepts of the pathogenetic heterogeneity of ischemic stroke]. In: Suslina Z.A. (eds.) Ocherki angionevrologii [Essays of angioneurology]. Moscow: Atmosfera Publ., 2005: 82–85. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Верещагин Н.В., Суслина З.А. Современные представления о патоге-нетической гетерогенности ишемического инсульта. В кн.: Суслина З.А. (ред.) Очерки ангионеврологии. М.: Атмосфера, 2005: 82–85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evdokimenko A.N., Gulevskaya T.S. [Single and multiple brain infarctions at the atherosclerosis: morphology and pathogenesis]. Annaly klinicheskoy i eksperimental'noy nevrologii [Annals of clinical and experimental neurology]. 2011; 5(1): 11–17. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Евдокименко А.Н., Гулевская Т.С. Одиночные и множественные инфаркты головного мозга при атеросклерозе: морфология и патогенез. Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии. 2011; 5(1): 11–17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caplan L.R., Wong K.S., Gao S., Hennerici M.G. Is hypoperfusion an important cause of strokes? If so, how? Cerebrovasc. Dis. 2006; 21: 145–153. DOI: 10.1159/000090791. PMID: 16401883.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caplan L.R., Wong K.S., Gao S. et al. Is hypoperfusion an import-ant cause of strokes? If so, how? Cerebrovasc. Dis. 2006; 21: 145-153. DOI: 10.1159/000090791. PMID: 16401883.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Derdeyn C.P., Carpenter D.A., Videen T.O. et al. Patterns of infarction in hemodynamic failure. Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2007; 24: 11–19. DOI: 10.1159/000103111. PMID: 17519539.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gulevskaya T.S. Maksimova M.Yu., Romanova A.V. [Predictors of massive intracerebral hemorrhages in arterial hypertension]. Annals of clinical and experimental neurology. 2013; 7(3): 17–24. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гулевская Т.С., Максимова М.Ю., Романова А.В. Предикторы массивных кровоизлияний в мозг при артериальной гипертонии. Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии. 2013; 7(3): 17–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Vermeer S., Prince N., den Heijer T. et al. Silent brain infarcts and the risk of dementia and cognitive decline. New Engl. J. Med. 2003; 348: 1215–1222. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa022066. PMID: 12660385.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Adachi T., Kobayashi S., Yamaguchi S. Frequency and pathogenesis of silent subcortical brain infarction in acute first-ever ischemic stroke. Intern. Med. 2002; 41: 103–108. PMID: 11868595.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
