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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">528</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25692/ACEN.2018.2.7</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Technologies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Технологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Methods of detecting lesions of upper motor neuron in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using transcranial magnetic stimulation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Методика выявления поражения верхнего мотонейрона при боковом амиотрофическом склерозе с помощью транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0716-3737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakulin</surname><given-names>Ilya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакулин</surname><given-names>Илья Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), researcher, Department of neurorehabilitation and physiotherapy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., н.с. отд. нейрореабилитации и физиотерапии</p></bio><email>bakulin@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1841-1177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poydasheva</surname><given-names>Alexandra G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пойдашева</surname><given-names>Александра Георгиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, neurologist, Department of neurorehabilitation and physiotherapy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с., врач-невролог отд. нейрореабилитации и физиотерапии</p></bio><email>bakulin@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyavsky</surname><given-names>Andrey Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернявский</surname><given-names>Андрей Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bakulin@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3956-6362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suponeva</surname><given-names>Natalya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супонева</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, principal researcher, Department of neurorehabilitation and physiotherapy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., член-корреспондент РАН, г.н.с. отд. нейрореабилитации и физиотерапии</p></bio><email>bakulin@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Maria N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Мария Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bakulin@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-0392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Piradov</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирадов</surname><given-names>Михаил Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., академик РАН, директор</p></bio><email>bakulin@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-08-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>08</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-08-09"><day>09</day><month>08</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Bakulin I.S., Poydasheva A.G., Chernyavsky A.Y., Suponeva N.А., Zakharova M.N., Piradov M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Bakulin I.S., Poydasheva A.G., Chernyavsky A.Y., Suponeva N.А., Zakharova M.N., Piradov M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bakulin I.S., Poydasheva A.G., Chernyavsky A.Y., Suponeva N.А., Zakharova M.N., Piradov M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Bakulin I.S., Poydasheva A.G., Chernyavsky A.Y., Suponeva N.А., Zakharova M.N., Piradov M.A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/528">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/528</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>Coexistent involvement of upper and lower motor neurons is a characteristic feature of amyotrophyc lateral syndrome (ALS) necessary for the diagnosis. Diagnosis of upper motor neuron involvement in ALS is based solely on clinical features, which may not be detected at the disease onset and in rare forms manifesting clinically as the local lower motor neuron syndrome (LLMNS). The main method of assessment of the functional state of the upper motor neuron in ALS is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). It allows assessing the excitability of motor cortex, corticospinal path function, and mapping of cortical representation of the muscles. In patients with ALS changes of various indicators demonstrating hyperexcitability as well as degenerative lesions of the motor cortex and the corticospinal tracts are recorded on TMS.</p> <p><bold>Objective: </bold>to discuss changes in the TMS in patients with LAS, pathophysiological mechanisms of their formation and possible diagnostic value.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>In 22 patients with LLMNS, navigation TMS revealed disturbances of intracortical suppression on paired stimulation with recording period of silence, increase of motor threshold in dominant hemisphere, decrease of the weighted square and reorganization of cortical representations of the hand muscles.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The data obtained allow to consider navigation TMS as a promising technology for identifying upper motor neuron involvement in patients with ALS.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Сочетанное поражение верхнего и нижнего мотонейронов является характерным признаком бокового амиотрофического синдрома (БАС), необходимым для постановки диагноза. Диагностика поражения верхнего мотонейрона при БАС основана исключительно на клинических признаках, которые могут не выявляться в дебюте заболевания и при редких формах, протекающих клинически в виде синдрома изолированного поражения нижнего мотонейрона (СИПНМ). Основным методом оценки функционального состояния верхнего мотонейрона при БАС является транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция (ТМС), она позволяет оценивать возбудимость моторной коры, проводящую функцию кортикоспинальных трактов, картировать корковые представительства мышц. При ТМС у пациентов с БАС регистрируются изменения различных показателей, свидетельствующие как о гипервозбудимости, так и о дегенеративном поражении моторной коры и кортикоспинальных трактов.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования. </bold>Определить изменения показателей ТМС у пациентов с БАС, патофизиологические механизмы их формирования и возможное диагностическое значение.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>У 22 пациентов с СИПНМ с применением навигационной ТМC выявлены нарушение внутрикоркового торможения при парной стимуляции и регистрации периода молчания, увеличение моторного порога в доминантном полушарии, уменьшение взвешенной площади и реорганизация корковых представительств мышцы кисти.</p> <p><bold>Выводы. </bold>Полученные данные позволяют рассматривать навигационную ТМС в качестве перспективной технологии выявления поражения верхнего мотонейрона у пациентов с БАС.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transcranial magnetic stimulation</kwd><kwd>amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</kwd><kwd>the syndrome of lower motor neuron</kwd><kwd>hyperexcitability of the motor cortex</kwd><kwd>the cortical mapping of the representation of the muscles</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция</kwd><kwd>боковой амиотрофический склероз</kwd><kwd>синдром нижнего мотонейрона</kwd><kwd>гипервозбудимость моторной коры</kwd><kwd>картирование коркового представительства мышц</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharova M.N., Brylev L.V., Avdyunina I.A. et al. 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