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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">547</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25692/ACEN.2018.4.5</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Identification of Niemann–Pick type C disease in the group of ataxias of unclear origin in adults</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Идентификация случаев болезни Ниманна–Пика типа С в группе атаксий неясного генеза у взрослых</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyushnikov</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клюшников</surname><given-names>Сергей Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeklyush@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Proshlyakova</surname><given-names>Tatiana Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прошлякова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeklyush@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baydakova</surname><given-names>Galina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байдакова</surname><given-names>Галина Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeklyush@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nuzhnyi</surname><given-names>Evgenii P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нужный</surname><given-names>Евгений Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeklyush@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>Natalya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаевна</surname><given-names>Наталья Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeklyush@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharova</surname><given-names>Zoya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончарова</surname><given-names>Зоя Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeklyush@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomina-Chertousova</surname><given-names>Neonila A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомина-Чертоусова</surname><given-names>Неонила Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeklyush@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Degtereva</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дегтерева</surname><given-names>Елена Валентиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeklyush@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernikova</surname><given-names>Victoria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черникова</surname><given-names>Виктория Валериевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeklyush@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorshkova</surname><given-names>Kristina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горшкова</surname><given-names>Кристина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeklyush@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemova</surname><given-names>Natalya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемова</surname><given-names>Наталья Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeklyush@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shperling</surname><given-names>Larisa P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шперлинг</surname><given-names>Лариса Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeklyush@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antipova</surname><given-names>Lyudmila N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антипова</surname><given-names>Людмила Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeklyush@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsyplugina</surname><given-names>Olga Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Циплугина</surname><given-names>Ольга Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeklyush@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Irina L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Ирина Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeklyush@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chepkasova</surname><given-names>Lyubov V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чепкасова</surname><given-names>Любовь Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeklyush@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Illarioshkin</surname><given-names>Sergey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иллариошкин</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeklyush@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V.D. Seredavin</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Самарская областная клиническая больница им. В.Д. Середавина»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central City Clinical Hospital N 23</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">МАУ «Центральная городская клиническая больница № 23»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinic of South Ural State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Center for Extrapyramidal Disorders and Botulinum Therapy, City Clinical Hospital N 1</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Областной центр экстрапирамидных заболеваний с кабинетом ботулинотерапии ГАУЗ Новосибирской области «Городская клиническая поликлиника № 1»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Clinical Hospital N 2</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Краевая клиническая больница № 2»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff9"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Izhevsk State Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Ижевская государственная медицинская академия»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff10"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Clinical Hospital N 9</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">БУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 9»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-12-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-12-12"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Klyushnikov S.A., Proshlyakova T.Y., Baydakova G.V., Nuzhnyi E.P., Nikolaeva N.S., Goncharova Z.A., Fomina-Chertousova N.A., Degtereva E.V., Chernikova V.V., Gorshkova K.V., Artemova N.S., Shperling L.P., Antipova L.N., Tsyplugina O.Y., Ivanova I.L., Chepkasova L.V., Illarioshkin S.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Klyushnikov S.A., Proshlyakova T.Y., Baydakova G.V., Nuzhnyi E.P., Nikolaeva N.S., Goncharova Z.A., Fomina-Chertousova N.A., Degtereva E.V., Chernikova V.V., Gorshkova K.V., Artemova N.S., Shperling L.P., Antipova L.N., Tsyplugina O.Y., Ivanova I.L., Chepkasova L.V., Illarioshkin S.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klyushnikov S.A., Proshlyakova T.Y., Baydakova G.V., Nuzhnyi E.P., Nikolaeva N.S., Goncharova Z.A., Fomina-Chertousova N.A., Degtereva E.V., Chernikova V.V., Gorshkova K.V., Artemova N.S., Shperling L.P., Antipova L.N., Tsyplugina O.Y., Ivanova I.L., Chepkasova L.V., Illarioshkin S.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Klyushnikov S.A., Proshlyakova T.Y., Baydakova G.V., Nuzhnyi E.P., Nikolaeva N.S., Goncharova Z.A., Fomina-Chertousova N.A., Degtereva E.V., Chernikova V.V., Gorshkova K.V., Artemova N.S., Shperling L.P., Antipova L.N., Tsyplugina O.Y., Ivanova I.L., Chepkasova L.V., Illarioshkin S.N.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/547">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/547</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Niemann–Pick type C disease (NPC) is a rare neurovisceral lysosomal storage disease with an autosomal recessie type of inheritance that develops as a result of abnormal intracellular transport of cholesterol and other lipids. The possibility of pathogenetic therapy makes it very important to screen the population and identify new cases of the disease.</p> <p><bold>Objective.</bold> Conducting biochemical and genetic screening in the group of adult patients with early-onset ataxia of unclear origin to detect new cases of NPC, with subsequent initiation of pathogenetic substrate reduction therapy and studies of clinical, genetic and biochemical characteristics the disease.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>Ninety-five persons (18–40 years of age), both males and females, from different regions of Russia suffering from primary ataxia of unknown origin, associated with other neurological symptoms and/or visceral and psychiatric disorders, were examined. Patients underwent neurological examination and neuropsychological testing. During biochemical screening, the concentrations of blood plasma oxysterols (cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol and 7-ketocholesterol) and chitotriosidase were examined. The presence of pathogenic mutations in the NPC1 and NPC2 genes was detected by total sequencing of all exons of these genes.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> On biochemical screening, 3 patients were identified whose cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol concentration and chitotriosidase activity were significantly higher than the reference norm, and 7-ketocholesterol concentration was either higher or at the level of the upper limit of the norm. On sequencing of the NPC1 gene, two unrelated patients (21-year-old woman and 37-year-old man) were found to carry 2 pathogenic compound heterozygous mutations each, and these findings confirm the diagnosis of NPC. The clinical picture was represented by a combination of neurological, psychiatric and visceral symptoms. In both patients, cerebellar ataxia was accompanied by dystonia and other extrapyramidal disorders, as well as vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, and bulbar and pseudobulbar symptoms. There were also affective disorders and progressive cognitive decline up to dementia of the frontal type. Both patients had ultrasound signs of isolated splenomegaly. The score for the NPC suspicion index was ≥200 points. Thus, in the studied group, NPC was detected in 2.1% of patients.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions. </bold>Biochemical screening of oxysterols and chitotriosidase of blood plasma is a quick and inexpensive method for biochemical diagnosis of NPC, the diagnostic value of which is unquestionable in the case of integrated assessment of the history of the disease, the clinical picture and the results of instrumental diagnostic exams. Adult patients with early-onset ataxia associated with visceral and psychiatric disorders are at risk group for having NPC. They should primarily be sent to screening biochemical studies, and, in case of positive results, to carry out mutation screening of NPC1 and NPC2 genes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Болезнь Ниманна–Пика типа C (БНП-С) – редкая нейровисцеральная лизосомная болезнь накопления c аутосомно-рецессивным типом наследования, развивающаяся в результате нарушения внутриклеточного транспорта холестерина и других липидов. Возможность проведения патогенетической терапии делает весьма актуальными вопросы скрининга популяции и выявления новых случаев заболевания.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>исследования – проведение биохимического и генетического скрининга в группе взрослых пациентов с атаксиями неясного генеза, дебютировавшими в раннем возрасте, для выявления новых случаев БНП-С, с последующим назначением патогенетической субстратредуцирующей терапии, а также изучением клинико-генетических и биохимических характеристик заболевания.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Обследованы 95 лиц обоего пола в возрасте 18–40 лет из различных регионов России, страдающие первичными атаксиями неустановленной этиологии в сочетании с другими неврологическими симптомами и/или висцеральными и психиатрическими расстройствами. Пациентам проведено неврологическое и нейропсихологическое обследование, при биохимическом скрининге исследованы концентрации оксистеролов (холестан-3β,5α,6β-триол, 7-кетохолестерин) и хитотриозидазы плазмы крови. Носительство патогенных мутаций в генах NPC1 и NPC2 выявлялось с помощью полного секвенирования всех экзонов этих генов.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> При биохимическом скрининге выявлены 3 пациента, у которых концентрация холестан-3β,5α,6β-триола и активность хитотриозидазы значительно превышали референсную норму, а концентрация 7-кетохолестерина была выше либо на уровне верхней границы нормы. При секвенировании гена NPC1 у двоих неродственных пациентов (женщина 21 года и мужчина 37 лет) выявлены по 2 патогенных мутации в компаунд-гетерозиготной форме, что является подтверждением диагноза БНП-С. Клиническая картина была представлена комбинацией неврологических, психиатрических и висцеральных симптомов. У обоих пациентов мозжечковая атаксия сопровождалась дистонией и другими экстрапирамидными расстройствами, а также вертикальным надъядерным параличом взора, бульбарными и псевдобульбарными симптомами. Имели место также аффективные расстройства и прогрессирующее когнитивное снижение, вплоть до развития деменции лобного типа. У обоих пациентов выявлены ультразвуковые признаки изолированной спленомегалии. В обоих случаях счет по шкале индекса вероятности БНП-С составил ≥200 баллов. Таким образом, в изученной выборке БНП-С выявлена у 2,1% больных.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Биохимический скрининг оксистеролов и хитотриозидазы плазмы крови является быстрым и недорогим методом биохимической диагностики БНП-С, диагностическая ценность которого несомненна при интегральной оценке данных анамнеза, клинической картины заболевания, результатов инструментальной диагностики. Взрослые пациенты с ранними атаксиями, ассоциированными с висцеральными и психическими нарушениями, относятся к группе риска по БНП-С. Их необходимо в первую очередь направлять на скрининговые биохимические исследования, и в случае положительных результатов – проводить мутационный скрининг генов NPC1 и NPC2.</p> <p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lysosomal storage diseases</kwd><kwd>Niemann–Pick type C disease</kwd><kwd>pathogenic therapy</kwd><kwd>early-onset ataxias</kwd><kwd>biochemical screening</kwd><kwd>oxysterols</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лизосомные болезни накопления</kwd><kwd>болезнь Ниманна–Пика типа C</kwd><kwd>патогенетическая терапия</kwd><kwd>атаксии с ранним началом</kwd><kwd>биохимический скрининг</kwd><kwd>оксистеролы</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетический анализ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Liscum L. Niemann-Pick type C mutations cause lipid traffic jam. Traffic 2000; 1: 218–225. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0854.2000.010304.x. 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