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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">568</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25692/ACEN.2018.5.13</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Monoclonal antibodies in neurology: current state and future development</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Моноклональные антитела в неврологии: реалии и перспективы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Maria N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Мария Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zakharova@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-12-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>5S</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-12-27"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Zakharova M.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Zakharova M.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharova M.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Zakharova M.N.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/568">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/568</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Monoclonal antibodies are one of the most fastly developing areas of specific therapy for cancer, infectious, autoimmune and demyelinating diseases. The main targets of monoclonal antibodies in autoimmune and demyelinating diseases are T and B-lymphocytes, cytokines, complement, and adhesion molecules. In the field of neurodegenerative diseases, the largest number of studies has been carried out in patients with Alzheimer's disease, in which monoclonal antibodies are targeted to brain aggregates of beta-amyloid. This review presents new therapeutic approaches to the use of antibody fragments, with a focus of their new class, nanobodies. A special attention is paid to new anti-CD20 and anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody drugs in multiple sclerosis (ocrelizumab, ofatumumab) and neuromyelitis optica (inebilizumab). Ocrelizumab is the first medication that proved to be effective in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. There have been significant advances in the treatment of neuromyelitis optica: the first multicenter study of Inebilizumab (MEDI-551) is currently underway.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Моноклональные антитела являются одним из наиболее быстро развивающихся направлений специфической терапии онкологических, инфекционных, аутоиммунных и демиелинизирующих заболеваний. Основными мишенями моноклональных антител при аутоиммунных и демиелинизирующих заболеваниях являются Т- и В-лимфоциты, цитокины, комплемент, молекулы адгезии. В области нейродегенеративных заболеваний наибольшее число исследований проводится у пациентов с болезнью Альцгеймера, при которой мишенью для моноклональных антител является патологически измененный белок бета-амилоид, накапливающийся в паренхиме мозга. В обзоре представлены современные подходы к терапевтическому использованию фрагментов моноклональных антител в неврологии, с акцентом на их новом классе – нанотелах. Особое внимание уделено новым препаратам моноклональных антител анти-CD20 и анти-CD19 при рассеянном склерозе (окрелизумаб, офатумумаб) и оптикомиелите (инебилизумаб). Окрелизумаб является первым препаратом, доказавшим свою эффективность при первично прогрессирующем течении рассеянного склероза. Отмечаются значительные успехи в лечении оптикомиелита, при котором в настоящее время проводится первое мультицентровое исследование препарата инебилизумаб (MEDI-551).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>demyelinating diseases</kwd><kwd>neuromyeltitis optica</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer’s disease</kwd><kwd>monoclonal antibodies</kwd><kwd>nanobodies</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>демиелинизирующие заболевания</kwd><kwd>оптикомиелит</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>моноклональные антитела</kwd><kwd>нанотела</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gajofatto A., Turatti M. Investigational immunosuppressants in early-stage clinical trials for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Invest Drugs 2018; 27(3): 273-286. DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1442437. 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