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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">598</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25692/ACEN.2019.3.7</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Technologies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Технологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) scale: translation and linguistic and cultural adaptation of the Russian language version</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Шкала подробной оценки состояния ареактивных пациентов (Full Outline of UnResponsiveness, FOUR): перевод и лингвокультурная адаптация русскоязычной версии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-0392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Piradov</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирадов</surname><given-names>Михаил Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., академик РАН, директор</p></bio><email>kseniia.a.ilina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suponeva</surname><given-names>Nataliya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супонева</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kseniia.a.ilina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabinkina</surname><given-names>Yuliya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябинкина</surname><given-names>Юлия Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kseniia.a.ilina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kseniia.a.ilina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Legostayeva</surname><given-names>Lyudmila A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Легостаева</surname><given-names>Людмила Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kseniia.a.ilina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yazeva</surname><given-names>Elizaveta G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Язева</surname><given-names>Елизавета Григорьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kseniia.a.ilina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yusupova</surname><given-names>Djamilya G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юсупова</surname><given-names>Джамиля Гереевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kseniia.a.ilina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Luneva</surname><given-names>Irina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лунева</surname><given-names>Ирина Евеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kseniia.a.ilina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Domashenko</surname><given-names>Maxim A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Домашенко</surname><given-names>Максим Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kseniia.a.ilina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samorukov</surname><given-names>Vladislav Yu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саморуков</surname><given-names>Владислав Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kseniia.a.ilina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaytsev</surname><given-names>Aleksander B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцев</surname><given-names>Александр Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kseniia.a.ilina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zimin</surname><given-names>Aleksey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зимин</surname><given-names>Алексей Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kseniia.a.ilina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polekhina</surname><given-names>Nataliya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полехина</surname><given-names>Наталья Вадимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kseniia.a.ilina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bundhun</surname><given-names>Pratish</given-names></name><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kseniia.a.ilina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ramchandani</surname><given-names>Nisha Mohan</given-names></name><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kseniia.a.ilina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyina</surname><given-names>Kseniya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>Ксения Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kseniia.a.ilina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница имени С.П. Боткина Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России» (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-08-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-08-06"><day>06</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Piradov M.A., Suponeva N.A., Ryabinkina Y.V., Sergeev D.V., Legostayeva L.A., Yazeva E.G., Yusupova D.G., Luneva I.E., Domashenko M.A., Samorukov V.Y., Zaytsev A.B., Zimin A.A., Polekhina N.V., Bundhun P., Ramchandani N.M., Ilyina K.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Piradov M.A., Suponeva N.A., Ryabinkina Y.V., Sergeev D.V., Legostayeva L.A., Yazeva E.G., Yusupova D.G., Luneva I.E., Domashenko M.A., Samorukov V.Y., Zaytsev A.B., Zimin A.A., Polekhina N.V., Bundhun P., Ramchandani N.M., Ilyina K.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Piradov M.A., Suponeva N.A., Ryabinkina Y.V., Sergeev D.V., Legostayeva L.A., Yazeva E.G., Yusupova D.G., Luneva I.E., Domashenko M.A., Samorukov V.Y., Zaytsev A.B., Zimin A.A., Polekhina N.V., Bundhun P., Ramchandani N.M., Ilyina K.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Piradov M.A., Suponeva N.A., Ryabinkina Y.V., Sergeev D.V., Legostayeva L.A., Yazeva E.G., Yusupova D.G., Luneva I.E., Domashenko M.A., Samorukov V.Y., Zaytsev A.B., Zimin A.A., Polekhina N.V., Bundhun P., Ramchandani N.M., Ilyina K.A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/598">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/598</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The assessment of the level of consciousness in patients with acute brain injury is a mandatory first step of neurological examination. There is a need for clinical scales which allow to assess the level of wakefulness and degree of patient non-responsiveness in 2–3 minutes. The Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) scale is an optimal tool for such clinical assessment, which focuses on eye response, motor response, brainstem reflexes, and respiratory pattern. The absence of an officially translated and validated version impedes the use of FOUR scale in Russia, while the use of non-validated clinical scales carries a risk of erroneous diagnosis and reduces the quality and information value of research studies.</p> <p>Study aim: to develop an official Russian language version of the FOUR scale, taking into account its linguistic and cultural characteristics as part of the validation study.</p> <p>Materials and methods. The first stage of the validation process was completed, consisting of the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the FOUR scale. Medical professionals (Russian and English native speakers) performed forward and back translations of the original scale. The developed version then underwent review by the Expert Commission, which included a linguist, neurologists, anaesthesiologists and intensive care specialists. The next step was a pilot test of the scale.</p> <p>Results. The main difficulties in the translated text of the scale were solved during the first meeting of the Expert Commission. Then, taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a pilot test was performed by assessing 15 patients with the developed version of the FOUR scale. The statistics of this cohort are presented. Investigators had no difficulties in understanding and interpreting the scale instructions during the pilot test. Based on the results, the final version of the scale was adopted. The Russian version of the scale text with instructions and illustrations is presented in this paper.</p> <p>Conclusion. Translation, linguistic and cultural adaptation of the FOUR scale was conducted at the Research Centre of Neurology (Moscow, Russia). For the first time, the Russian version of the scale is officially presented and recommended for widespread use in clinical and research practice in Russia and other Russianspeaking countries based on the results of pilot testing. The next publication will present the results of the evaluation of psychometric properties (reliability, sensitivity, etc.) of this version of the scale</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Оценка уровня сознания у пациентов с острым повреждением головного мозга является обязательным и первостепенным этапом при проведении неврологического осмотра. Востребована разработка клинических шкал, позволяющих за 2–3 мин достоверно оценить уровень бодрствования и степень ареактивности пациента. Оптимальным инструментом такой клинической оценки стала шкала FOUR, сфокусированная на определении реакции глаз, двигательного ответа, стволовых рефлексов и дыхательного паттерна. Отсутствие официально переведенной и валидированной версии затрудняет применение шкалы FOUR в России, а использование клинических шкал, не подвергнутых процедуре валидации, приводит к риску ошибочной диагностики и снижает качество и информативность выполняемых исследований.<bold>Цель: </bold>разработка официальной русскоязычной версии шкалы FOUR с учетом языковых и культурных особенностей в рамках проведения валидационного исследования.<bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Выполнен первый этап валидации: лингвокультурная адаптация шкалы FOUR. Специалистами выполнен прямой и обратный перевод текста оригинальной шкалы. Разработанная версия прошла проверку экспертной комиссии с участием филолога-лингвиста, неврологов и анестезиологов-реаниматологов. Следующим шагом явилось проведение пилотного тестирования.<bold>Результаты. </bold>В ходе работы первого заседания экспертной комиссии были устранены основные трудности, возникшие при переводе текста шкалы. Затем, с учетом критериев включения и исключения, осуществлено пилотное тестирование с оценкой 15 пациентов по разработанной версии шкалы FOUR. Приведены статистические данные когорты пациентов. При проведении пилотного тестирования трудностей при понимании и интерпретации инструкций шкалы у исследователей не возникло. На основании данного этапа принята финальная версия, в статье приведен текст шкалы с инструкциями и иллюстрациями.<bold>Заключение. </bold>На базе ФГБНУ НЦН выполнены перевод и лингвокультурная адаптация шкалы FOUR. На основе результатов пилотного тестирования впервые официально представлена русскоязычная версия шкалы, рекомендованная для широкого использования в клинической и научно-исследовательской практике в России и других русскоговорящих странах. В последующей публикации будут представлены результаты оценки психометрических свойств (надёжность, чувствительность и др.) данной версии шкалы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Full Outline of UnResponsiveness</kwd><kwd>FOUR</kwd><kwd>acute disorders of consciousness</kwd><kwd>coma</kwd><kwd>validation</kwd><kwd>neurocritical care</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Full Outline of UnResponsiveness</kwd><kwd>FOUR</kwd><kwd>острые нарушения сознания</kwd><kwd>кома</kwd><kwd>валидация</kwd><kwd>нейрореанимация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Wijdicks E.F., Bamlet W.R., Maramattom B.V. et al. 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