Annals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyAnnals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyАнналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии2075-54732409-2533Eco-Vector63910.25692/ACEN.2020.1.8ReviewsОбзорыUnknownThe role of long noncoding RNAs in ischaemic strokeРоль длинных некодирующих РНК в ишемическом инсультеNovikovaLilia B.НовиковаЛилия Бареевна
Russian Federation
novicova@inbox.ruGareevIlgiz F.ГареевИльгиз Фанилевич
Russian Federation
novicova@inbox.ruRaskurazhevAnton A.РаскуражевАнтон Алексеевич
Russian Federation
novicova@inbox.ruBeylerliOzal A.БейлерлиОзал Арзуманоглы
Russian Federation
novicova@inbox.ruMinibaevaGuzel MМинибаеваГузель Мударисовнаnovicova@inbox.ruBashkir State Medical UniversityФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет»Research Center of NeurologyФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»Emergency Medical Care HospitalГБУЗ РБ «Больница скорой медицинской помощи»26032020141707725032020Copyright ©; 2020, Novikova L.B., Gareev I.F., Raskurazhev A.A., Beylerli O.A.Copyright ©; 2020, Novikova L.B., Gareev I.F., Raskurazhev A.A., Beylerli O.A.2020Novikova L.B., Gareev I.F., Raskurazhev A.A., Beylerli O.A.Novikova L.B., Gareev I.F., Raskurazhev A.A., Beylerli O.A.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/639

Ischaemic stroke (IS) is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. The consequences of IS manifest as severe and persistent neurological symptoms. The currently used methods for the management of IS are insufficient, partly because of incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms that occur in IS. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides. It has been shown that lncRNAs control many processes: transcription, translation, regulation of gene expression, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and differentiation. There is plenty of evidence that lncRNAs play a direct role in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including IS. LncRNAs are found in the human bodily fluids, such as blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva. The expression profile of these circulating lncRNAs consists of a certain part of the cells, where they are modified and secreted in accordance with the physiological and pathological status of those cells. Due to their various ways of transport from cells into bodily fluids within exosomes or liposomes, lncRNAs are protected from the effect of RNases and remain in a stable form. Because of this, circulating lncRNAs are considered as novel biomarkers, which are of interest in many diseases, including IS. It likely appears that lncRNAs have the potential to be used in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of IS.

Ишемический инсульт (ИИ) является одной из ведущих причин смерти и инвалидности. Последствия ИИ проявляются глубокой и стойкой неврологической симптоматикой. Используемые в настоящее время методы лечения ИИ оказались недостаточными, отчасти из-за неполного понимания молекулярных механизмов при ИИ. Длинные некодирующие РНК (длРНК) имеют длину более 200 нуклеотидов и контролируют транскрипцию, трансляцию, регуляцию экспрессии генов, регуляцию клеточного цикла, апоптоз, пролиферацию и дифференцировку клеток. длРНК играют непосредственную роль в патогенезе многих заболеваний человека, включая ИИ. длРНК обнаруживаются в биологических жидкостях человека: крови, моче, спинномозговой жидкости и слюне. Профиль экспрессии таких циркулирующих длРНК представляет собой определенную часть клеток, в которых они модифицируются и секретируются в соответствии с физиологическими или патологическими состояниями этих клеток. Благодаря своим различным формам транспорта из клеток в биологические жидкости человека в составе экзосом или липосом длРНК защищены от воздействия РНКаз и остаются в стабильной форме. В связи с этим циркулирующие длРНК рассматриваются как новые биомаркеры, представляющие интерес при многих заболеваниях, включая ИИ. Вероятно, длРНК имеет потенциал для использования в терапии, диагностике и прогнозировании ИИ.

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