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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">640</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25692/ACEN.2020.1.10</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Technologies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Технологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Validation of the modified Ashworth scale in Russia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Валидация Модифицированной шкалы Эшворта в России</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3956-6362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suponeva</surname><given-names>Natalya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супонева</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, principal researcher, Department of neurorehabilitation and physiotherapy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., член-корреспондент РАН, г.н.с. отд. нейрореабилитации и физиотерапии</p></bio><email>dzhamilya-d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yusupova</surname><given-names>Dzhamilya G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юсупова</surname><given-names>Джамиля Гереевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dzhamilya-d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyina</surname><given-names>Kseniya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>Ксения Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dzhamilya-d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melchenko</surname><given-names>Danila A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельченко</surname><given-names>Данила Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dzhamilya-d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Butkovskaya</surname><given-names>Anastasiya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутковская</surname><given-names>Анастасия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dzhamilya-d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhirova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жирова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Станиславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dzhamilya-d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Taratukhina</surname><given-names>Anna S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таратухина</surname><given-names>Анна Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dzhamilya-d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zimin</surname><given-names>Aleksey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зимин</surname><given-names>Алексей Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dzhamilya-d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitsev</surname><given-names>Aleksandr B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцев</surname><given-names>Александр Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dzhamilya-d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klochkov</surname><given-names>Anton S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клочков</surname><given-names>Антон Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dzhamilya-d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyukmanov</surname><given-names>Roman Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Люкманов</surname><given-names>Роман Харисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dzhamilya-d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotov-Smolensky</surname><given-names>Artem M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котов-Смоленский</surname><given-names>Артем Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dzhamilya-d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khizhnikova</surname><given-names>Anastasia E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хижникова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dzhamilya-d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gatina</surname><given-names>Guzel A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гатина</surname><given-names>Гузэль Амировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dzhamilya-d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutlubaev</surname><given-names>Mansur A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутлубаев</surname><given-names>Мансур Амирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dzhamilya-d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-0392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Piradov</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирадов</surname><given-names>Михаил Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., академик РАН, директор</p></bio><email>dzhamilya-d@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dagestan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Дагестанский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-03-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-03-25"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Suponeva N.A., Yusupova D.G., Ilyina K.A., Melchenko D.A., Butkovskaya A.A., Zhirova E.S., Taratukhina A.S., Zimin A.A., Zaitsev A.B., Klochkov A.S., Lyukmanov R.K., Kotov-Smolensky A.M., Khizhnikova A.E., Gatina G.A., Kutlubaev M.A., Piradov M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Suponeva N.A., Yusupova D.G., Ilyina K.A., Melchenko D.A., Butkovskaya A.A., Zhirova E.S., Taratukhina A.S., Zimin A.A., Zaitsev A.B., Klochkov A.S., Lyukmanov R.K., Kotov-Smolensky A.M., Khizhnikova A.E., Gatina G.A., Kutlubaev M.A., Piradov M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Suponeva N.A., Yusupova D.G., Ilyina K.A., Melchenko D.A., Butkovskaya A.A., Zhirova E.S., Taratukhina A.S., Zimin A.A., Zaitsev A.B., Klochkov A.S., Lyukmanov R.K., Kotov-Smolensky A.M., Khizhnikova A.E., Gatina G.A., Kutlubaev M.A., Piradov M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Suponeva N.A., Yusupova D.G., Ilyina K.A., Melchenko D.A., Butkovskaya A.A., Zhirova E.S., Taratukhina A.S., Zimin A.A., Zaitsev A.B., Klochkov A.S., Lyukmanov R.K., Kotov-Smolensky A.M., Khizhnikova A.E., Gatina G.A., Kutlubaev M.A., Piradov M.A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/640">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/640</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Spasticity after stroke is a factor that causes disability and restricts activities of daily living, and represents a problem for both doctors and patients’ relatives. At the present time, the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) is a useful method of assessing increased muscle tone in patients after a cerebrovascular incident.</p> <p>The <bold><italic>aim</italic></bold> of the work is the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the MAS, with subsequent evaluation of its psychometric properties.</p> <p><bold><italic>Materials and methods.</italic></bold> The study included 50 patients. The validation procedure consisted of linguistic and cultural adaptation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Russian language version of the MAS. Test-retest was used to examine reliability (calculating Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient) and Cohen’s kappa coefficient was used to evaluate inter-rater agreement. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing the MAS results with the Spasticity Scale score of the Research Centre of Neurology. Sensitivity was measured using Wilcoxon nonparametric test, which reflects the statistical significance of intertest differences before and after rehabilitation measures.</p> <p><bold><italic>Results.</italic></bold> Test-retest analysis showed a significant correlation (0.87) between reassessment results. Inter-rater reliability was average (0.56), which confirms the scale’s subjectivity and proves that patient assessment over time should be performed by the same investigator whenever possible. The correlation coefficient between the MAS and the Spasticity Scale of the Research Centre of Neurology was 0.79. Statistically significant differences were found when patients were reassessed after rehabilitation treatment (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.0001).</p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusion.</italic></bold> The Russian version of the MAS is a valid, reliable, and sensitive instrument, which can be recommended for use in clinical practice, both for the initial assessment of spasticity and for monitoring the effect of treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Постинсультная спастичность представляет собой инвалидизирующий и ограничивающий жизнедеятельность фактор и является важной проблемой как для врачей, так и для родственников пациента. На сегодняшний момент актуально применение Модифицированной шкалы Эшворта (МШЭ) для оценки повышенного мышечного тонуса у пациентов после перенесенного нарушения мозгового кровообращения.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель</italic></bold> работы — провести лингвокультурную адаптацию МШЭ с последующей оценкой психометрических свойств.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы.</italic></bold> В исследовании приняли участие 50 пациентов. Процедура валидации состояла из лингвокультурной адаптации и оценки психометрических свойств шкалы русскоязычной версии МШЭ. Надежность исследовали с помощью метода «тест–ретест» (вычисление коэффициента корреляции Спирмена) и определения коэффициента каппы Коэна для оценки межэкспертной согласованности. Критериальную валидность оценивали путем сравнения результата по МШЭ с полученными баллами при оценке по шкале спастичности Научного центра неврологии. Чувствительность определяли по непараметрическому W-критерию Вилкоксона, который отражал достоверность различий между исследованиями до и после проведения реабилитационных мероприятий.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic></bold> «Тест–ретест» анализ выявил выраженную корреляцию (0,87) между результатами повторных оценок. Между оценками двух экспертов был достигнут средний уровень согласованности (0,56), что подтверждает субъективность шкалы и доказывает, что по возможности оценка пациента в динамике должна проводиться одним и тем же исследователем. При сравнении результатов исследования по МШЭ и по шкале спастичности Научного центра неврологии коэффициент корреляции составил 0,79. При оценке в динамике на фоне проводимого восстановительного лечения была выявлена достоверность различий (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.0001).</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение.</italic></bold> Русскоязычная версия МШЭ — валидный, надежный, чувствительный инструмент, который может быть рекомендован к применению в клинической практике как для первичной оценки спастичности, так и для мониторинга эффекта проводимой терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>validation</kwd><kwd>Russian version</kwd><kwd>Modified Ashworth Scale</kwd><kwd>spasticity</kwd><kwd>Spasticity Scale of the Research Centre of Neurology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>валидация</kwd><kwd>русскоязычная версия</kwd><kwd>Модифицированная шкала Эшворта</kwd><kwd>спастичность</kwd><kwd>шкала спастичности Научного центра неврологии</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lance J.W. 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