Annals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyAnnals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyАнналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии2075-54732409-2533Eco-Vector66110.25692/ACEN.2020.2.10ReviewsОбзорыUnknownSleep and Wakefulness Disorders in Vascular Cognitive ImpairmentНарушения сна и бодрствования при сосудистых когнитивных расстройствахMerkulovaTatyana B.МеркуловаТатьяна Борисовна
Russian Federation
dily1@yandex.ruKovrovGennadiy V.КовровГеннадий Васильевич
Russian Federation
dily1@yandex.ruYakhnoNikolay N.ЯхноНиколай Николаевич
Russian Federation
dily1@yandex.ruI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский Университет)24062020142768111062020Copyright ©; 2020, Merkulova T.B., Kovrov G.V., Yakhno N.N.Copyright ©; 2020, Merkulova T.B., Kovrov G.V., Yakhno N.N.2020Merkulova T.B., Kovrov G.V., Yakhno N.N.Merkulova T.B., Kovrov G.V., Yakhno N.N.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/661

Dementia is a pathology that leads to disability and significantly affects the quality of life of patients and their relatives. The study and development of treatment methods for dementia is a priority in medicine, given the rate of growth in the number of patients. Vascular dementia is the second most common type of dementia in the world after Alzheimer disease. Poor sleep quality is a common feature of the neuropsychiatric profile in dementia patients. Sleep disorders are a modifiable and significant risk factor for cardiovascular disorders, in particular, vascular cognitive impairment. Several sleep disorders are more pronounced in patients with vascular dementia than in patients with dementia due to Alzheimer disease.

This review contains data on changes in the sleep-wake cycle, often found in vascular cognitive impairments. The likely mechanisms connecting sleep disorders and vascular cognitive impairments are described. The possibility of predicting the development of vascular cognitive impairment based on identified sleep disorders is shown, as well as the potential for studying and developing methods to treat sleep disturbances to prevent vascular cognitive impairment are presented.

Деменция — инвалидизирующая патология, которая значительно влияет на качество жизни пациентов и их родственников. Изучение и разработка методов лечения деменции является одним из приоритетных вопросов медицины с учетом темпов роста числа больных. Сосудистая деменция находится на 2-м месте в мире по распространенности после болезни Альцгеймера. Распространенный симптом нейропсихиатрических проявлений деменции — низкое качество сна. Нарушения сна — один из модифицируемых и значимых факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых расстройств, в частности, сосудистых когнитивных нарушений. У пациентов с сосудистой деменцией ряд расстройств сна выражен больше, чем у пациентов с деменцией при болезни Альцгеймера.

В обзоре собраны данные об изменениях цикла сон–бодрствование, которые часто встречаются при сосудистых когнитивных нарушениях. Описаны вероятные механизмы связи нарушений сна и сосудистых когнитивных расстройств. Показана возможность прогнозирования развития сосудистых когнитивных расстройств по выявленным нарушениям сна и отражена перспективность изучения и разработки методов лечения расстройств сна для предупреждения развития сосудистых когнитивных расстройств.

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