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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">685</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25692/ACEN.2020.3.8</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Non-pharmacological prevention and correction of cognitive disorders</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Немедикаментозная профилактика и коррекция когнитивных нарушений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Raskurazhev</surname><given-names>Anton A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раскуражев</surname><given-names>Антон Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rasckey@live.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>Polina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Полина Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rasckey@live.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tanashyan</surname><given-names>Marine M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Танашян</surname><given-names>Маринэ Мовсесовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rasckey@live.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-09-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-09-14"><day>14</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Raskurazhev A.A., Kuznetsova P.I., Tanashyan M.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Raskurazhev A.A., Kuznetsova P.I., Tanashyan M.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Raskurazhev A.A., Kuznetsova P.I., Tanashyan M.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Raskurazhev A.A., Kuznetsova P.I., Tanashyan M.M.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/685">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/685</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review deals with research on the effect of board games on the prevention of cognitive disorders in the older population. It is known that activities using board games significantly enhance educational and intellectual abilities in children. However, data on the effect of such interventions in older patients (including those at risk for developing dementia) are few and equivocal. In the Bronx Aging Study, reading, board games, playing musical instruments, and dancing were associated with a reduced risk of cognitive disorders. The MoVIES study assessed the cognitive status of 942 participants aged 65 years and older, and a lower risk of dementia was found in those who devoted more than 1 hour per day to 'recreational activities'. The French study of the PAQUID cohort showed that those who regularly played board games had a 15% lower risk of developing dementia than those who did not.</p> <p>This review attempts to systematize the known data (including functional MRI data) on how playing board games influences changes in cognitive function. The article covers memory mechanisms that are necessary components of cognitive health. Structures that are directly involved in long-term memory formation, especially explicit memory, including the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex, are described.</p> <p>The article includes studies covering not only geographical, economic and social status, age, gender, and level of cognitive load, but also the different assessments measuring the effect board games have on the brain. Different assessment methods and functional MRI data have demonstrated the potential effectiveness of using board games in the prevention of both age-related and pathological intellectual ageing.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре проанализированы результаты зарубежных исследований, посвященных влиянию настольных игр на профилактику когнитивных нарушений среди населения старшего возраста. Известно, что систематические занятия с использованием настольных игр существенно расширяют обучающие и интеллектуальные способности детей. Однако данные о влиянии подобных интервенций у пациентов старшего возраста (в том числе находящихся в группе риска по развитию деменции) малочисленны и не всегда однозначны. В исследовании Bronx Aging Study с уменьшением риска когнитивных расстройств были ассоциированы чтение, настольные игры, игра на музыкальных инструментах и танцы. В исследовании MoVIES велась оценка когнитивного статуса 942 участников 65 лет и старше, причем более низкий риск деменции выявлялся у тех лиц, которые посвящали «развлекательной деятельности» более 1 часа в день. Во французском исследовании когорты PAQUID показано, что у тех, кто регулярно участвовал в настольных играх, риск развития деменции был на 15% ниже, чем у не увлекающихся этим занятием. В обзоре представлена попытка систематизации известных данных о механизмах влияния занятий настольными играми на изменения когнитивной функции (в том числе на основании данных функциональной МРТ), рассмотрены механизмы памяти, которые являются необходимыми компонентами когнитивного здоровья. Описаны структуры, имеющие непосредственное отношение к формированию долговременной памяти, особенно декларативной ее части, включающей гиппокамп, парагиппокампальную извилину, энторинальную область.</p> <p>В статью включены исследования, затрагивающие не только географическое, экономическое, социальное положение, возраст, пол, уровень интеллектуальной нагрузки, но и разные оценки влияния настольных игр на работу головного мозга. Оценка по различным методикам и данные функциональной МРТ демонстрируют потенциальную эффективность занятий настольными играми в профилактике как «возрастного», так и патологического интеллектуального старения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive reserve</kwd><kwd>dementia</kwd><kwd>cognitive health</kwd><kwd>functional MRI</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>degenerative diseases</kwd><kwd>board games</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивный резерв</kwd><kwd>деменция</kwd><kwd>когнитивное здоровье</kwd><kwd>функциональная МРТ</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>дегенеративные заболевания</kwd><kwd>настольные игры</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Popula- tion Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights. ST/ ESA/SER.A/423. 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