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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">695</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25692/ACEN.2020.4.2</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Glutamate biomarkers in comprehensive diagnostics of acute and chronic brain ischemia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Глутаматные биомаркеры в комплексной диагностике острой и хронической ишемии головного мозга</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarev</surname><given-names>Grigory V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарев</surname><given-names>Григорий Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>grigoryponomarev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vozniuk</surname><given-names>Igor A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вознюк</surname><given-names>Игорь Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>grigoryponomarev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Izumi</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Идзуми</surname><given-names>Марина Акировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>grigoryponomarev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skoromets</surname><given-names>Alexander A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скоромец</surname><given-names>Александр Анисимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>grigoryponomarev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute оf Emergency Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский НИИ&#13;
скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБВОУ ВО "Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова"</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-25"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Ponomarev G.V., Vozniuk I.A., Izumi M.A., Skoromets A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Ponomarev G.V., Vozniuk I.A., Izumi M.A., Skoromets A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ponomarev G.V., Vozniuk I.A., Izumi M.A., Skoromets A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ponomarev G.V., Vozniuk I.A., Izumi M.A., Skoromets A.A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/695">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/695</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The development and implementation of biomarkers of ischaemic brain damage at the pre-hospital and hospital stages, as well as during screening and regular medical examinations, are a priority in neurology. This review describes the role of NR2 peptide, a subunit of the NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors, in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. Experimental data are presented, showing that NR2 peptide expression increases in brain ischemia, its fragments passing through the blood-brain barrier and entering the bloodstream, thus stimulating the immune response and autoantibody production. Key studies are reviewed that have demonstrated the possibility of using glutamate receptors and their antibodies as potential biomarkers of acute and chronic cerebral ischemia. The sensitivity and specificity of NR2 peptide and NR2 antibodies in these studies averaged &gt;90%. It has been shown that NR2A/B is the only marker with high negative and positive predictive value in people with suspected ischaemic stroke. Monitoring treatment effectiveness is another promising area of application for glutamate biomarkers.</p> <p>Previous studies have shown that the NR2 peptide and its antibodies are potential biomarkers of cerebral infarction, transient ischaemic attack, and chronic cerebral ischemia and may become important components in a successful and comprehensive approach to treatment, screening, and monitoring of disease outcomes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Разработка и внедрение биомаркеров ишемического поражения мозга для применения на догоспитальном и госпитальном этапах, а также в ходе скрининга и диспансеризации являются приоритетными задачами неврологии. В обзоре описано участие NR2-пептида, субъединицы ионотропных NMDA-рецепторов глутамата, в патогенезе церебральной ишемии. Приведены экспериментальные данные, показавшие, что при ишемии мозга экспрессия NR2-пептида повышается, его фрагменты проходят через гематоэнцефалический барьер и попадают в кровоток, стимулируя иммунный ответ и выработку аутоантител. Освещены ключевые исследования, продемонстрировавшие возможность использования рецепторов глутамата и антител к ним в качестве потенциальных биомаркеров острой и хронической церебральной ишемии. Чувствительность и специфичность NR2-пептида и NR2-антител в данных исследованиях составила в среднем &gt;90%. Доказано, что NR2A/B — единственный маркер, имеющий высокие отрицательную и положительную прогностическую ценность в популяции с подозрением на ишемический инсульт. Другой многообещающей областью применения биомаркеров глутамата является мониторинг эффективности лечения.</p> <p>Проведенные исследования показали, что NR2-пептид и антитела к нему являются потенциальными биомаркерами инфаркта мозга, транзиторной ишемической атаки, а также хронической ишемии мозга и могут стать важными компонентами успешной комплексной тактики лечения, скрининга и мониторинга исходов заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>glutamate receptors</kwd><kwd>NR2</kwd><kwd>antibodies</kwd><kwd>cerebral ischemia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>глутаматные рецепторы</kwd><kwd>NR2</kwd><kwd>антитела</kwd><kwd>ишемия головного мозга</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Caprio F.Z., Sorond F.A. Cerebrovascular disease: primary and secondary stroke prevention. Med Clin North Am 2019; 103: 295–308. 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