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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">697</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25692/ACEN.2020.4.4</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Spastic paraplegias types 11 and 15</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Спастические параплегии типов 11 и 15</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudenskaya</surname><given-names>Galina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руденская</surname><given-names>Галина Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rudenskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadnikova</surname><given-names>Varvara A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадникова</surname><given-names>Варвара Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rudenskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhkova</surname><given-names>Oksana P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжкова</surname><given-names>Оксана Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rudenskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anisimova</surname><given-names>Inga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисимова</surname><given-names>Инга Вадимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rudenskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dadaly</surname><given-names>Elena L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дадали</surname><given-names>Елена Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rudenskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyomina</surname><given-names>Nina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демина</surname><given-names>Нина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rudenskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mishina</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мишина</surname><given-names>Ирина Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rudenskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kanivets</surname><given-names>Ilya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Канивец</surname><given-names>Илья Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rudenskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonetz</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонец</surname><given-names>Анна Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rudenskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rudenskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. Н.П. Бочкова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Centre for Medical Genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. Н.П. Бочкова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Genomed LTD</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Геномед»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-26"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Rudenskaya G.E., Kadnikova V.A., Ryzhkova O.P., Anisimova I.V., Dadaly E.L., Dyomina N.A., Mishina I.A., Kanivets I.V., Antonetz A.V., Polyakov A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Rudenskaya G.E., Kadnikova V.A., Ryzhkova O.P., Anisimova I.V., Dadaly E.L., Dyomina N.A., Mishina I.A., Kanivets I.V., Antonetz A.V., Polyakov A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rudenskaya G.E., Kadnikova V.A., Ryzhkova O.P., Anisimova I.V., Dadaly E.L., Dyomina N.A., Mishina I.A., Kanivets I.V., Antonetz A.V., Polyakov A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Rudenskaya G.E., Kadnikova V.A., Ryzhkova O.P., Anisimova I.V., Dadaly E.L., Dyomina N.A., Mishina I.A., Kanivets I.V., Antonetz A.V., Polyakov A.V.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/697">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/697</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> A heterogeneous group of hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) with known causative genes, alongside the predominant autosomal dominant ones, includes numerous and diagnostically more complex autosomal recessive (AR) forms with diverse phenotypes. Massive parallele sequencing (MPS) techniques are widely used in HSP diagnosis.</p> <p>The <bold>aim</bold> of the study was to determine the clinical and molecular genetic characteristics of two AR-HSPs — SPG11 and SPG15 — in Russia based on the first study of HSP using MPS.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> We examined 8 unrelated Russian families: seven with SPG11 and one with SPG15. Clinical and molecular analysis and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) were used.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> SPG11, diagnosed in seven families, was the most common AR form, accounting for 5.1% of the total group of 120 families with verified HSP (4th common) and 30.5% of the AR-HSP subgroup. Three of the nine identified <italic>SPG11</italic> mutations have not been previously described; 2 families had identical genotypes, with one of the allelic mutations consisting of a large duplication; one previously described mutation was detected three times. Two patients had an atypical late onset, six cases had complicating concomitant symptoms, such as ataxia and/or dysarthria, cognitive impairment, while 3 out of 6 patients showed thinning of the corpus callosum on MRI. SPG15 was diagnosed in one patient at 13 years; two new mutations were found in the <italic>ZFYVE26</italic> gene with a reading frame shift in the compound heterozygous state. Clinical phenotype in this patient included progressive cognitive decline in addition to spastic paraparesis; there was no macular degeneration typical (but not mandatory) of SPG15 up to the age of 17 years (according to follow-up data).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold><bold>.</bold> In a large group of patients in Russia, AR-HSP was represented by 12 different forms, with SPG11 being the most frequent and SPG15 also being present. A total of 11 mutations were found in the genes of both forms, 5 of which had not been previously described. Two complicated forms of HSP had a similar clinical presentation and were difficult to diagnose. MPS methods are indispensable in diagnosing diseases with pronounced genetic heterogeneity, such as HSP. Cases with major gene rearrangements confirm the importance of combining MPS with MLPA.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Группа спастических параплегий с известными генами (SPG), наряду с преобладающими аутосомно-доминантными формами, включает многочисленные и диагностически сложные аутосомно-рецессивные (АР) формы с разнообразными фенотипами. В диагностике SPG широко используются методы массового параллельного секвенирования (MPS).</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>исследования: по данным первого в России исследования SPG методами MPS определить вклад в структуру и клинико-молекулярно-генетические характеристики двух форм АР-SPG: SPG11 и SPG15.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Обследованы 8 неродственных русских семей: 7 — с SPG11, 1 — с SPG15. Применяли MPS-панель «спастические параплегии», секвенирование по Сэнгеру, мультиплексную лигаза-зависимую амплификацию (MLPA).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> SPG11, диагностированная в 7 семьях, оказалась самой частой АР-формой, составив 5,1% в общей группе 120 семей с верифицированными SPG (4-е место в структуре) и 30,5% в подгруппе АР-SPG. Три из 9 найденных мутаций <italic>SPG</italic><italic>11</italic> ранее не описаны; 2 семьи имели идентичные генотипы, одной из аллельных мутаций в них была крупная дупликация; одна ранее описанная мутация выявлена трижды. Двое больных имели атипично позднее начало; 6 случаев — «осложненные» (сопутствующие симптомы — атаксия и/или дизартрия, когнитивная недостаточность), у 3 из 6 больных по данным МРТ выявлено истончение мозолистого тела. SPG15 диагностирована у больного в возрасте 13 лет; в гене <italic>ZFYVE</italic><italic>26 </italic>найдены 2 новые мутации со сдвигом рамки считывания в компаунд-гетерозиготном состоянии. В клинической картине этого пациента, кроме спастического парапареза, отмечено прогрессирующее снижение интеллекта; типичной для SPG15 (но не облигатной) макулярной дегенерации не было вплоть до 17 лет (по катамнестическим данным).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> АР-SPG в обширной группе российских больных представлены спектром 12 форм, в котором самой частой является SPG11 и присутствует SPG15. В генах обеих форм суммарно найдено 11 мутаций, 5 из которых ранее не описаны. Две «осложненные» формы SPG имеют частичное клиническое сходство и трудны для клинической диагностики. Методы MPS незаменимы в диагностике болезней с выраженной генетической гетерогенностью, таких как SPG. Случаи с крупными перестройками генов подтверждают важность сочетания технологий MPS и MLPA.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hereditary spastic paraplegia</kwd><kwd>SPG11</kwd><kwd>SPG15</kwd><kwd>mutations</kwd><kwd>high-throughput exome sequencing (MPS)</kwd><kwd>phenotypes</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наследственные спастические параплегии</kwd><kwd>SPG11</kwd><kwd>SPG15</kwd><kwd>мутации</kwd><kwd>массовое параллельное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>фенотипы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kadnikova V.A., Ryzhkova O.P., Rudenskaya G.E., Polyakov A.V. [Hereditary spastic paraplegias: molecular genetic diversity]. Uspekhi sovremennoi biologii 2018; 138(5): 462–475. DOI: 10.7868/S0042132418050046. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кадникова В.А, Рыжкова О.П, Руденская Г.Е., Поляков А.В. 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